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IBI Test I > B and T cells > Flashcards

B and T cells Flashcards

1
Q

expressed on all nucleated cells

A

MHC I

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2
Q

presents endogenous/intracellular antigens

A

MHC I

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3
Q

presents viral or cytosolic proteins from within the cells

A

MHC I

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4
Q

antigen loaded in RER via TAP

A

MHC I

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5
Q

recognized by CD8 cells via TCRs

A

MHC I

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6
Q

Encoded by HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

A

MHC I

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7
Q

composed of 1 heavy chain and 1 short chain

A

MHC I

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8
Q

beta-2 microglobulin

A

MHC I

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9
Q

expressed by all APCs

A

MHC II

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10
Q

present exogenous/externally-derived antigens

A

MHC II

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11
Q

presents bacterial toxins/proteins ingested by phagocytes

A

MHC II

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12
Q

antigen loaded in acidic-phagoendosome

A

MHC II

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13
Q

recognized by CD4 T cells via TCRs

A

MHC II

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14
Q

composed of 2 chains of similar lengths

A

MHC II (alpha and beta)

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15
Q

encoded by HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR

A

MHC II

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16
Q

associated with invariant chain

A

MHC II

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17
Q

invariant chain

A

placeholder occupies antigen-binding site, preventing binding by internal antigens until arrival at endosomes

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18
Q

invariant chain degraded in acidified endosome

A

MHC II

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19
Q

B cells mediate _____ immunity

A

humoral

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20
Q

B cells express

A

CD19, CD20, CD21

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21
Q

B cells originate from

A

bone marrow

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22
Q

B cells migrate to and reside in

A

lymphoid tissue

follicles of lymph node, white pulp of spleen

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23
Q

after B cell activation, they differentiate into

A

plasma B cells, memory B cells

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24
Q

B cell activation begins with

A

antigen presentation on MHC II

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25
Q

Signal 1: B cell activation

A

the foreign antigen presented by the B cell on MHC II is recognized by TCR on CD4 T cell

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26
Q

Signal 2: B cell activation

A

CD40 receptor on B cell binds to CD40L on T cell

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27
Q

the activated B cell undergoes ______ and _______

A

class switching; affinity maturation

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28
Q

antibody isotype depends on

A

cytokines secreted by T cell

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29
Q

the activated B cell proliferates in the

A

lymph node

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30
Q

effector B cells produced after activation

A

plamsa cells; memory B cells

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31
Q

provide humoral immunity by producing antibodies against antigen

A

plasma cells

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32
Q

found in bone marrow after B cell activation

A

plasma cells

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33
Q

normally do not circulate peripheral blood

A

plasma cells

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34
Q

develops antigen memory

A

Memory B cells

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35
Q

long lifespan (decades)

A

memory B cells

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36
Q

lifespan of plasma B cells

A

only survive months

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37
Q

B cells that do not produce antibodies

A

memory b cells

may proliferate and differentiate into plasma b cells upon reexposure

38
Q

where are memory b cells found?

A

spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils

39
Q

what B cell enables a quick antibody response on reexposure?

A

memory B cells

40
Q

must be activated against a specific antigen

A

T cells

41
Q

80% of circulating lymphocytes

A

T cells

42
Q

mediate cell-mediated immune response via direct cell-to-cell contact

A

T cells

43
Q

undesired T cell activity results in

A

Type 4 Hypersensitivity reactions

44
Q

Signal 1: T cell activation

A

antigen binds to TCR

this is sufficient to activate CD8 t cells

45
Q

Signal 2: T cell activation

A

B7 protein on APC binds with CD28 on Helper T cell

46
Q

T cell differentiation begins in the

A

bone marrow

47
Q

in bone marrow, T cells are double negative

A

do not express CD4 or CD8 or TCR

48
Q

T cells migrate to _____ for positive selection

A

thymic cortex

49
Q

In thymic cortex, T cells are double positive

A

express both CD4 and CD8, TCR gene rearragement occurs

50
Q

TCR gene rearrangement

A

Beta gene, then alpha gene
Enables recognition of variety of antigens

51
Q

positive selection

A

T cells must bind self MHC to survive

52
Q

failed TCRs are eliminated by

A

positive selection

53
Q

T cells migrate to ______ for negative selection

A

thymic medulla

54
Q

in the thymic medulla, T cells are single positive

A

CD4 or CD8

55
Q

negative selection

A

T cells with overly high affinity for self MHC antigens undergo apoptosis or become Treg

56
Q

Tissue restricted self-antigens express on thymic meduallary epithelial or DCs due to

A

AIRE

57
Q

AIRE deficiency causes

A

autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome -1

58
Q

self-MHC is expressed by

A

thymic cortical epithelial cells

59
Q

After differentiation, T cell migrate to

A

lymphoid tissues

spleen, lymph node, tonsils

60
Q

Cytotoxic T cells kill

A

virus infected, neoplastic, or donor graft cells

61
Q

Cytotoxic t cells express

A

CD8

62
Q

CD8 T cells recognize antigens presented on

A

MHC I via TCR

63
Q

When activated by abnormal antigen, cytotoxic T cells release granules containing

A

perforin and granzyme

64
Q

perforin

A

created pore-like holes in target membrane

65
Q

granzyme

A

enters perforin pores and activates caspases or other proteases to induce apoptosis

66
Q

helper T cells express

A

CD4

67
Q

Helper T cells recognize antigens bound to

A

MHC II via TCR

68
Q

CD4 T cells are stimulated by

A

IL-2

69
Q

primary target in HIV infection

A

CD4 T cells

70
Q

Th1 cells

A

coordinate immune response against intracellular antigens

71
Q

Th1 cell differentiation is induced by

A

IL-2 and IL-12

72
Q

Th1 cell differentiation is inhibited by

A

IL-4 and IL-10

73
Q

Th1 secretes

A

IFN-y and IL-2

74
Q

IL-2 simulates

A

CD8 T cells and NK cells

75
Q

IFN-y activates macrophages to kill

A

microbes

76
Q

involved in granuloma formation

A

Th1

77
Q

Th2 cells coordinate humoral immunity against

A

parasites

78
Q

Th2 cell differentiation is induced by

A

IL-4

79
Q

Th2 cell differentiation is inhibited by

A

IFN-y and IL-12

80
Q

Th2 cells secrete

A

IL-4. IL-5, IL-10, IL-13

81
Q

signals with IL-4 to preferentially promoted B cell IgE production

A

IL-13

82
Q

Th17 cells

A

coordinate cellular immune response against fungi

83
Q

Th17 differentiation is induced by

A

TGF-b and IL-6

84
Q

Th17 secretes

A

IL-17, IL-21, and IL-22

stimulates neutrophils, fights fungal infections

85
Q

Tregs

A

suppress immune system

86
Q

Tregs prevent ______ by maintaining tolerance to self-antigens

A

autoimmunity

87
Q

Treg cells express

A

CD25 and FOXP3

88
Q

Treg differentiation is induced by

A

TGF-b

89
Q

Treg differentiation is inhibited by

A

IL-6

90
Q

Treg cells secrete

A

anti-inflammatory cytokines
TGF-b and IL-10

IBI Test I (18 decks)

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