Human Geo 2.3 & 2.4 Vocab

Question 1

Maternal Mortality Rate

Answer 1

The annual number of female deahts per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes).

Question 2

Sex Ratio

Answer 2

The number of males per 100 females in the population.

Question 3

Life Expectancy

Answer 3

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.

Question 4

Potential support ratio (or elderly support ratio)

Answer 4

The number of working-age people (ages 15 to 64) divided by the number of persons 65 and older.

Question 5

Population pyramid

Answer 5

A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex.

Question 6

Dependency Ratio

Answer 6

The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force.

Question 7

Epidemiology

Answer 7

The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality.

Question 8

Epidemiologic Transition

Answer 8

The process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Question 9

Stage 1: Pestilence & Famine

Answer 9

In this stage of the epidemiologic transition, epidemics and pandemics were principal causes of human deaths, along with accidents and attacks by animals and other humans.

Question 10

Epidemic

Answer 10

A widespread occurence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

Question 11

Pandemic

Answer 11

An epidemic that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population at the same time.

Question 12

Stage 2: Receding Pandemics

Answer 12

This stage involves receding pandemics because improved sanitation, nutrition, and medicine during the industrial revolution reduced the spread of infectious diseases.

Question 13

Stage 3: Degenerative Diseases

Answer 13

This stage is characterized by decrease in deaths from infectious diseases and an increase in chronic disorders associated with aging. The two especially important chronic disorders in this stage are cardiovascular diseases (like heart attacks) and various forms of cancer.

Question 14

Stage 4: Delayed Degenerative & Lifestyle Diseases

Answer 14

The major degenerative causes of death still linger, but the life expectancy of older people is extended through medical advances. Through medicine, cancers spread more slowly or are removed altogether. Operations like bypasses repair deficiencies in the cardiovascular system. Death rates have increased in Stage 4 countries through use of prescription and illegal drugs, consumption of nonnutritious food, and sedentary behavior.

Question 15

Pronatalist policy

Answer 15

Government policy that supports higher birth rates

Question 16

Antinatalist policy

Answer 16

Government policy that supports lower birth rates.

Question 17

Thomas Malthus

Answer 17

A British economist that was one of the first to argue that the world’s rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food supplies