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Biochemistry > Glycosis > Flashcards

Glycosis Flashcards

1
Q

where is glycolysis taking place in the cell

A

In the cytoplasm

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2
Q

beyond the first step in glycosis where are we in the cell

A

mitochondira

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3
Q

which is higher in the cytoplasm NAD, NADH

A

NAD

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4
Q

Which is higeher in the mitochondria NAD, NADH

A

NADH

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5
Q

One molecule of glucose requires how many moleculeS TO BREAK DOWN

A

2 NAD+
2ADP
2 Pi

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6
Q

Result of breakdown of glucose

A

2 pyruvate
2 NADH
2H+
2 ATP
2 H2O

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7
Q

which is absolutely requirwe to drive the metabolic pathway

A

NAD+

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8
Q

What happens if we do not have NAD+ in a metabolic pathway

A

it is not going to do normal.

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9
Q

what enzyme is responsible for converting pyruvate to L-lactate

A

lactate dehydrogenase

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10
Q

what happens if someone has a mutation of lactate dehydrogenase

A

glycolysis will come to an halt but there are alternate source for energy

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11
Q

what do decarboxylase do

A

remove a CO2 molecule

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12
Q

what enzyme converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde

A

pyruvate decarboxylase

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13
Q

acetaldehyde using alcohol dehydrogenase converts to

A

ethanol

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14
Q

why is arsenic toxic

A

it is a competitive inhibitor, because as more of arsenic is broken down, it enters into the glycolytic pathway and reaction comes to a halt. It is a gradual death

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15
Q

in animals, where is excess lactase taken to

A

the liver whihc converts back to glucose when needed

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16
Q

how does dietary starch and glycogen breakdown to glucose and dextrin

A

alpha-amylase through hydrolysis

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17
Q

glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate through

A

hexokinase

18
Q

what cleaves dextrins to glucose

A

dextrinases

19
Q

what takes up glucose to enter glycolysis

A

GLUT Transporters

20
Q

carbohydrate stay around in pur body for how long

A

for about 24 hours before they are broken down

21
Q

phosphorylase is converts stored starch and glycogen to

A

glucose-1-phosphate

22
Q

the process of converting stored starch and glycogen to glusoce-1-phosphate is called

A

phosphorlysis

23
Q

glucose-1phosphate is converted to glucose-6-phospahte through

A

phosphoglucomutase

24
Q

phosphoglucomutase works analogously with

A

phosphoglycerate mutase by moving the Phosphate group from 3’C to 2’C

25
Q

enzymes that shift functional group around are called

A

Mutases

26
Q

3-phosphoglycerate is converted to 2-phosphoglycerate through

A

phosphoglycerate mutase

27
Q

once fructose is in the cell, what acts on it

A

hexokinase

28
Q

what converts mannose to mannose-6phospahte and then to fructose-6-phosphate

A

hexokinase, phosphomannose isomerase

29
Q

how does mannose enter glycolysis

A

through conversion to fructose-6-phosphate

30
Q

Aldolase converts

A

6 carbon sugar to 2- 3 carbon sugar

31
Q

fructose-1-phospahte aldolase converts fructose-1-phosphate to

A

DAP to GA

32
Q

DAP is converted to GAP through

A

triose phosphate isomerase

33
Q

GA is converted to GAP through

A

triose kinase

34
Q

UDP stands for

A

Uridine Diphosphate (rna)

35
Q

galactose is converted to galactose-1-[phosphate through

A

galactose (liver)

36
Q

how is Glucose-1-phospahte converted to glucose-6-phosphate

A

phosphoglucomutase

37
Q

which nucleotide(like phosphate) can be transferred from one substrate to another

A

UDP-glucose

38
Q

enzymatic conversion of UDP-Gal to UDP-Glc is is a net result of

A

epimerization

39
Q

how is NAD+ regenrated

A

conversion of pyruvate to lactase through lactase dehydrogenase

40
Q

pyruvate using fermentation (anaerobic) is converted to

A

pyruvate to lactate and pyruvate to acetaldehyde to ethanol

41
Q

what is the first step in aerobic respiration

A

conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-coA through pyruvate dehydrogenase

42
Q

what is the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

A

3 separate enzymatic activities 5 cofactors which 2 are prosthetic groups

Biochemistry (16 decks)

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