1.2.2 components of blood and their function at rest and during exercise

Question 1

functions of blood

Answer 1

• transport gases, fuels and minerals
• protect against dehydration
• thermoregulation
• fight infection

Question 2

components of blood

Answer 2

• red blood cells
• white blood cells
• platelets
• plasma

Question 3

red blood cells

Answer 3

• makes up 99% of our blood
• produced in bone marrow
• contain haemoglobin which carries oxygen

Question 4

white blood cells

Answer 4

• fight infection by absorbing and digesting disease-causing organisms
• exist 1 WBC: 700 RBC
• produced in bone marrow, lymph tissue and spleen

Question 5

platelets

Answer 5

• help form blood clots to prevent bleeding

- produced in bone marrow

Question 6

plasma

Answer 6

• clear yellowish fluid that carries nutrients
• transports waste products and assists with their removal from the body
• 90% water, counters dehydration

Question 7

haemoglobin

Answer 7

• found in RBC
• a protein which carries oxygen to the working muscles.
• one haemoglobin can bind with up to four oxygen molecules forming an oxyhaemoglobin

Question 8

what is blood pressure

Answer 8

an indicator of the body’s health

• it tells us how hard the heart has to work to push the blood flow through the blood vessels
• shows the health of arteteries and capillaries

Question 9

a typical reading is

Answer 9

120 over 80.

the top reading is systolic and the bottom reading is diastolic

Question 10

systolic blood pressure is

Answer 10

the pressure that the blood exerts against artery walls during the contractile stage

Question 11

diastolic blood pressure

Answer 11

the pressure that the blood exerts against artery walls during the relaxation phase

Question 12

blood flow around the body and heart

Answer 12

1. oxygen enters mouth/nose
2. enters the bloodstream in the lungs
3. oxygenated blood travels down the pulmonary veins to the heart
4. blood travels through left atrium to the left ventricle via the bicuspid valve into the aorta
5. aorta carries oxygenated blood to the body
6. oxygen leaves the blood at the muscle tissues (via myoglobin) and exchanges it for carbon dioxide.
7. deoxygenated blood travels up the veins to the vena cava back to the heart.
8. blood travels through the right atrium to the right ventricle via the tricuspid valve
9. back to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries
   10 .carbon dioxide exhaled out the mouth

Question 13

systemic circulation

Answer 13

when oxygenated blood is transported from the heart via the left ventricle and aorta and circulated into the arteries around the body. and deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the vena cava and into the right atrium

Question 14

pulmonary circulation

Answer 14

when deoxygenated blood is transported away from the heart via the pulmonary artery to the lungs, and the oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins