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BIO 024: Biochemistry > Laboratory: Lipids > Flashcards

Laboratory: Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

a vast group of biochemical molecules, and are among one of the most abundant biomolecule that is to be found in an organism, alongside carbohydrates and proteins.

A

Lipids

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2
Q

It is a class of compound that can be distinguished as hydrophobic molecules by its insolubility in water and solubility in nonpolar solvents such as chloroform or methanol.

A

Lipids

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3
Q

Building block of lipids

A

Fatty acids

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4
Q

are esters of long chain fatty acids and alcohols.

A

Lipids

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5
Q

defined as NON-POLAR organic compound insoluble in POLAR solvent, but SOLUBLE IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

A

Lipids

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6
Q

An essential source of energy, reservoir for energy

A

Lipids

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7
Q

Esters of fatty acids with glycerol.

A

SIMPLE LIPIDS

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8
Q

is the simplest and most common fat. It is the form in which lipids are stored in the cell. Also known as neutral fat

A

triacylglycerol (TAG)

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9
Q

It contains glycerol, fatty acid, Nitrogenous base and Phosphoric acid.

A

COMPOUND LIPIDS (Conjugated lipids)

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10
Q

They are substances that are soluble in lipid or derived from above groups of lipids by hydrolysis

A

Derived lipids

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11
Q

SAPONIFIABLE VS NON-SAPONIFIABLE LIPIDS:

Easily hydrolyzed by NaOH and those generally have ester linkages.

A

Saponifiable Lipids

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12
Q

SAPONIFIABLE VS NON-SAPONIFIABLE LIPIDS:

Cannot be hydrolyzed by NaOH because they have no ester bonds

A

Non-saponifiable lipids

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13
Q

SAPONIFIABLE VS NON-SAPONIFIABLE LIPIDS:

Fats and oils

A

Saponifiable Lipids

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14
Q

SAPONIFIABLE VS NON-SAPONIFIABLE LIPIDS:

Cholesterol & Eicosanoids

A

Non-saponifiable lipids

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15
Q

TAG can be hydrolyzed into its component fatty acids and alcohol. This reaction can also be carried out in the laboratory by a process called _______ where the hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of a strong base (such as NaOH or KOH).

A

saponification

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16
Q

is a process of hydrolysis of oils or fat with alkaline and result in glycerol and salts of fatty acids (soap)

A

Saponification

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17
Q

It’s objective is to investigate the effect of NaCl on soap solubility

A

Separation of Soap by salting out

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18
Q

Principle: To get the soap out of solution by salting out, when added solid sodium chloride to the solution until saturation; separated soap in the form of insoluble and floats above the surface

A

Separation of Soap by salting out

19
Q

The NaCl solution provides Na+ and Cl ions that bind to the polar water molecules, and help separate the water from the soap. This process is called _______ the soap

A

salting out

20
Q

This test’s objective is to determine the iodine value of fats and oils and thus estimate the unsaturation of the fats and oils.

A

Test for Unsaturation

21
Q

This test is specific for the double bonds in the lipid’s chain

A

Test for unsaturation of lipids

22
Q

Pig’s brain contains a high amount of lipid content, the docosahexanoic acid (DHA) or popularly known as ______________

A

omega-3 fatty acid

23
Q

This test’s objective is to isolate Non-Saponifiable and Saponifiable Lipids from Fish/Pig’s Brain

A

BRAIN LIPIDS

24
Q

Reactions of the standards in different tests:

Lecithin in Kraut’s Test:

A

Orange ppt., dark red solution in the bottom

25
Q

Reactions of the standards in different tests:

Cerebroside in Molisch Test:

A

Very light violet solution

26
Q

Reactions of the standards in different tests:

Cholesterol in Liebermann-Burchard Test:

A

Emerald green solution

27
Q

Reactions of the standards in different tests:

Cholesterol in Salkowski Test:

A

3 layers (colors)
- red solution
- turbid yellow solution
- clear yellow solution

28
Q

General Tests for Lipids:

A yellow to brick-red colour is formed indicating the presence of cholesterol. There may be a red color in the upper layer (chloroform) and green fluorescence in the lower layer due to the heavier sulfuric acid settling.

A

SALKOWSKI’S TES

29
Q

General Tests for Lipids:

Presence of a double bond in one cholesterol rings is responsible for its ability to form color products in the presence of Sulfuric acid

A

SALKOWSKI’S TEST

30
Q

General Tests for Lipids:

Results in dehydration of cholesterol molecule with a formation of a red bicholestadien disulphonate.

A

SALKOWSKI’S TEST

31
Q

General Tests for Lipids:

used to identify the presence of the double bond in one cholesterol ring. These rings are the ones that are responsible in the formation of color products in the presence of inorganic acids. The cholesterol is reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid that dehydrates to form the red part in the results

A

SALKOWSKI’S TEST

32
Q

General Tests for Lipids:

It is used to detect the presence of steroids.

A

Liebermann-Burchard test

33
Q

General Tests for Lipids:

In this test, the acetic anhydride reacts with the third carbon of the hydroxyl group of cholesterol and the steroid is the presence of strong acids that forms the blue-green color of the solution. This test should be done without any single amount of water for it will be contaminated.

A

Liebermann-Burchard test

34
Q

LIBERMANN- BURCHARD TEST uses ______ and _____ as reagents, gives a characteristic green color in the presence of cholesterol. This color is due to the OH group of cholesterol and the unsaturation found in the adjacent fused ring.

A

acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid

35
Q

General Tests for Lipids:

A positive reaction is indicated by appearance of a purple ring at the interface between the acid and test layers.

A

MOLISCH TEST

36
Q

General Tests for Lipids:

Test mainly used for choline due to complexation

A

KRAUT’S TEST

37
Q

General Tests for Lipids:

is a specific test for Choline (Lecithin) such as glycerophosphatides, sphingolipids and phosphorylated lipids

A

KRAUT’S TEST

38
Q

General Tests for Lipids:

Test mainly used for cephalins, lecithins, and sphingomyelins

A

NINHYDRIN TEST

39
Q

General Tests for Lipids:

Blue- violet solution indicates a positive result

A

NINHYDRIN TEST

40
Q

______ gives a negative acrolein test

A

Cholesterol

41
Q

Appearance of Isolated Complex Lipid Samples:

Cholesterol

A

Clear colorless solution

42
Q

Appearance of Isolated Complex Lipid Samples:

Glycerophosphatides

A

Brownish yellow solution

43
Q

Appearance of Isolated Complex Lipid Samples:

Sphingosine Phosphatides and Sphingosine Glycosides

A

Slightly turbid with suspended precipitate

BIO 024: Biochemistry (16 decks)

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