Part E: Lecture 39

Question 1

5 ways of making crop plants

Answer 1

1) Hybridization
2) Spontaneous mutations + artificial selection
3) Induced mutations + artificial selection
4) Transgenic plants
5) Targeted mutations with Crispr

Question 2

Hybridization examples

Answer 2

wheat, bananas

Question 3

Hybridization process

Answer 3

taking two plants with wanted traits and breeding them to produce offspring with both traits

Question 4

Spontaneous mutations + artificial selection examples

Answer 4

corn, tomatoes, cabbages

Question 5

Spontaneous mutations + artificial selection process

Answer 5

original –> spontaneous mutation –> humans chose the traits they want (fewer vs. more seeds)

Question 6

Induced mutations + artificial selection examples

Answer 6

many strains of barley, grapefruit (pink ruby red –> gamma rays –> rio red), rice

Question 7

Induced mutations + artificial selection process

Answer 7

mutagen like gamma rays mutate the plant and humans chose the traits they want (colour)

Question 8

Transgenic plants (def.)

Answer 8

plants with one or two genes from a different species (transgenes) permanently added to their genomes

Question 9

transgene structure

Answer 9

promoter (from host organism expressing transgene) + transcribed region (cDNA)

Question 10

GFP transgene summary

Answer 10

many fluorescent proteins exist now
changing certain aa changes the colour

Question 11

making transgenic organism steps

Answer 11

1) Make the transgene
2) Inject the transgene into a zygote (DNA repair enzymes will randomly put the transgene into a chromosome)

Question 12

examples of transgenic organisms

Answer 12

glow in the dark mice
glofish
farmed Atlantic salmon (GH gene from chinook salmon to mature faster)
E.coli + human insulin/factor VIII

Question 13

why use Ecoli for making human proteins?

Answer 13

well studied
easy to manipulate
easy to grow

Question 14

making human insulin with E.coli to treat ___

Answer 14

diabetes mellitus

Question 15

transgene is in which chromosome in bacteria?

Answer 15

bacterial chromosome because it is permanent. if it was in plasmid, you would have to keep selecting for its presence (ampr)

Question 16

making human blood clotting factor ___with E.coli to treat ___

Answer 16

VIII
hemophilia A

Question 17

transgenic plants examples

Answer 17

-round up ready plants have cDNA with bacterial enzyme (roundup kills plant version of enz) so weeds that only have plant version die and transgenic plant has resistant to herbicide/less labour intensive to grow
-golden rice

Question 18

golden rice has the CDNA that makes ___
use: ___

Answer 18

enzymes to make beta-carotene
treat vit A deficiency in children and pregnant women in developing countries