Mental Imagery and Attention Flashcards
What configuration type is quickest to recognise for geometric conditions?
Same configuration
What configuration type is quickest to recognise for verbal conditions?
Linear configuration
What is change blindness?
the inability to notice (salient) changes in a visual scene
What is boundary extension?
when we memorise a visual scene, a wider angle view of the scene tends to be stored in memory
What are the two types of representations that form when we perceive a visual scene?
- Representation of the meaning of the scene
- Representation of surface properties of the scene (visual details, color, etc.)
- The meaning (or the gist) of the scene is very well represented
- The surface properties are not
What is attention?
it is necessary to select important pieces of information for further processing as we often receive more information than we can process.
what is attentional selection?
There should be a point in the path from sensation to action at which people cannot process all the information in parallel (attentional “bottleneck”)
What are the early-selection theories?
The filter theory and the attenuation theory
What is the early selection filter theory?
Only some of the sensory information is selected for further processing
attended inputs were remembered but unattended inputs were not, however the non-semantic aspects of the message are remembered
What is the early-selection theory of the attentuation theory?
saliance of unattented stimuli is reduced but they are not filtered out entirely
Input - perceptual filter - analysis of verbal content - selection and organisation of response - responses
What is the late selection theory?
the filter occure after the perceptual stimulus has undergone analysis for its semantic content
What are the types of attention?
voluntary vs reflexive
What is voluntary attention?
top-down, goal-directed
- focus of attention is usually the same as the focus of the eyes
What is reflective attention?
bottom-up, stimulus-driven
- Similar processing enhancement is observed when reflexive cues are used
* When more time passes between a reflexive cue and a target, response to the target becomes slower
* The reflexive attention system has built-in mechanisms to prevent reflexively directed attention from being stuck at a location for too long (inhibition of return)
What is the feature integration theory?
- People must focus attention on a stimulus before they can synthesise its features into a pattern
- In essence, attention works as glue with which various features are combined into an object
