Navigation Flashcards
What parts of the brain are used in microscopic analysis of location tracking?
The medial temporal lobe - peripherial cortex, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex)
What are place cells (microscopic)?
in the hippocampus fire when you are in specific locations within a given environment
What are grid cells (microscopic)?
in the entorhinal cortex fire when you occupy one of hexagonal grid points within a given environment
What information is most relevant for microscopic spatial updating behaviour?
- Actual experience in walking/moving
- Mental imagery and top-down control
- Observing others walking/moving (i.e., imitation)
What microscopic method is most effective in spatial updating?
When the body-based information is generated from actively controlled movement
What are the two systems for large-scale navigation (macroscopic)?
Place learning and response learning
What is place learning for large-scale navigation (macroscopic)?
- MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE
Identify object locations within a larger environmental framework - Rapidly acquired, allows flexible behaviour (e.g., short-cutting), but requires conscious retrieval and is susceptible to forgetting
- Declarative memory based, MTL-dependent system
What is response learning for large scale navigation (macroscopic)?
- CAUDATE NUCLEUS
- Perform a specific sequence of action
- Slow to learn, only rigid behaviour is possible, but does not require conscious awareness and much longer-lasting
- Procedural memory based, caudate-dependent system
How is memory of geographical information represented?
in a hierarchical structure
How are memories biased for geographical information?
Judgements about spatial relations are biased by higher-order information (e.g., which state a city belongs to)
