17 inherited change

Question 1

define gene

Answer 1

a section of DNA that codes for a specific polypeptide

Question 2

define genotype

Answer 2

the genetic constitution of an organism and all the alleles that an organism possesses

Question 3

define gene pool

Answer 3

all alleles within an interbreeding population

Question 4

define population

Answer 4

all the individuals of the same species that occupy the same area at the same time

Question 5

what 3 things can alleles be?

Answer 5

dominant, recessive or codominant

Question 6

define multiple alleles

Answer 6

more than 2 alleles for the same gene

Question 7

define locus

Answer 7

different alleles for the same gene are found at the same position on the homologous chromosome

Question 8

define homozygous

Answer 8

two copies of the same gene being the same allele

Question 9

define heterozygous

Answer 9

if the two copies of a gene are different alleles

Question 10

define dominant allele

Answer 10

always expressed in the phenotype

Question 11

define recessive allele

Answer 11

only expressed when the genotype is homozygous

Question 12

define codominant allele

Answer 12

equally expressed in the phenotype

Question 13

define diploid

Answer 13

cells with two copies of a gene

Question 14

what kind of cells are haploid?

Answer 14

gametes

Question 15

what offspring phenotype ratio is expected for monohybrid inheritance?

Answer 15

3:1

Question 16

what offspring phenotype ratio is expected for dihybrid inheritance?

Answer 16

9:3:3:1

Question 17

what offspring phenotype ratio is expected from codominant inheritance?

Answer 17

1:2:1

Question 18

what offspring phenotype ratio is expected from epistasis?

Answer 18

9 : 4 : 3 or 15 : 1 or 9 : 7
(ratio adds up to 16 but isn’t 9:3:3:1)

Question 19

what is allelic frequency?

Answer 19

the number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool

Question 20

what does the hardy weinberg principle predict?

Answer 20

the allelic frequencies (of a particular gene) from one generation to the next will remain constant

Question 21

what 5 things have to be in place for the hardy weinberg principle to be true?

Answer 21

1. no migration
2. no gene mutations
3. no selection for or against a particular allele
4. large population
5. mating should be random