Viticulture

Question 1

spurs develop into..

Answer 1

canes

Question 2

a cane that is retained from season to season will become a…

Answer 2

cordon

Question 3

How is a clone made?

Answer 3

cut off short length of young cane and place it into water. it will begin to grow roots, then plant it

Question 4

what is field grafting?

Answer 4

grower removes branches of grape vaine, and then insert a cutting from desired vine.

Question 5

it is said that a vine begins producing optimal fruit after ___ years

Answer 5

6

Question 6

harvest in the northern and southern hemisphere takes place about ____ months apart

Answer 6

6

Question 7

what is “weeping”

Answer 7

beginning of growth cycle - sap flows up from the trunk and out the tips of the canes - precursor to budbreak

Question 8

what happens once leaves develop?

Answer 8

photosynthesis can begin

Question 9

next crictical step of growth cycle after budbreak and when does it occur

Answer 9

flowering - 40 to 80 days post budbreak

Question 10

the transition from flower to berry is called..

Answer 10

fruit set

Question 11

this malady can cause poor fruit set

Answer 11

coloure

Question 12

what is millerandage?

Answer 12

malady that results in bunches that have a lot of small, seedless berries

Question 13

what is veraison?

Answer 13

sudden acceleration of maturation

Question 14

when does harvest take place, post veraison?

Answer 14

6 to 8 weeks

Question 15

grapes need to reach both ______ (Sugar) maturity and ____ maturity

Answer 15

physical / phenolic

Question 16

period of time from bud break to harvest is typically…

Answer 16

140 to 160 days

Question 17

what happens during photosynthesis?

Answer 17

carbon dioxide and water is converted to sugar

Question 18

ideal temp range for photosynthesis?

Answer 18

50 - 95 - slows below and above that

Question 19

what process if responsible for the loss of malic acid in grapes?

Answer 19

respiration

Question 20

what is respiration?

Answer 20

the process of the vine breaking down its sugar and other carbs for energy

Question 21

why do cool nights help preserve acidity?

Answer 21

the vine will break down its malic acid at night in a process called respiration. the cooler the weather, the slower the rate of respiration, and vice versa

Question 22

what is transpiration?

Answer 22

process by which water evaporates through openings on the underside of the leaves known as stomata. equiv to humans sweating, cools the vine

Question 23

what is translocation?

Answer 23

metabolic process in which materials eg, sugar, are moved from one part of the plant to another

Question 24

how much water do vines need annually?

Answer 24

20 - 30 inches

Question 25

the 3 particle sizes

Answer 25

clay (smallest)
silt (intermediate)
sand
gravel (largest)

Question 26

which of the 3 particle sizes has the lowest water retention capability

Answer 26

gravel

Question 27

the higher the latitude, the ____ the growing season

Answer 27

shorter

Question 28

Mediterranean climates have (dry/wet) winters and (dry/wet) summers

Answer 28

wet winters, dry summers

Question 29

how are viral diseases spread?

Answer 29

by propagating infected vine cuttings

Question 30

What is Pierce’s disease and what does it result in?

Answer 30

bacterial disease - results in premature leaf fall

Question 31

in what conditions are fungal diseases considerable?

Answer 31

warm, humid

Question 32

the two most damaging fungal disease

Answer 32

powdery mildew aka oidium
downy mildew aka peronospora

Question 33

peronospora aka

Answer 33

downy mildew

Question 34

what is a nematode?

Answer 34

microscopic roundworm that feeds on the roots

Question 35

why do you not want the vines to be too productive?

Answer 35

the vines can gather only so many nutrients - too many grapes and it will spreads itself thin

Question 36

the two main strategies for pruning

Answer 36

spur pruning
cane pruning

Question 37

what is cane pruning?

Answer 37

all but one or two canes are removed per vine. the remaining canes are than attached to a trellis and trimmed so that each cane has 6-10 buds

Question 38

what is spur pruning?

Answer 38

vine is training to develop one or more cordons - each will suppoort everal canes. annual pruning cuts back the spurs, leaving behind spurs

Question 39

what is a spur?

Answer 39

small portion of a cane containing several buds

Question 40

what is the guyot system?

Answer 40

one or two canes or cordons are trained along a wire

Question 41

Geneva Double Curtain, Lyre, Scott Henry are all examples of..

Answer 41

divided canopies

Question 42

synonyms for bush vines

Answer 42

head-trained vines
gobelet-style vines

Question 43

what is a bush vine?

Answer 43

vine with thick trunk, typically free standing and spur pruned

Question 44

gobelet-style vines are typically ___ pruned

Answer 44

spur

Question 45

How is sugar concentration measured in US?

Answer 45

degrees Brix

Question 46

How do you estimate the potential ethanol level in a finished dry wine?

Answer 46

55% of the Brix value

Question 47

What system of sugar measurement does France use?

Answer 47

Baume

Question 48

grape juice with 12 degree Baume will have a max ____% alcohol

Answer 48

12

Question 49

organic viticulture is grape growing without the use of ____ fertilizers or ______

Answer 49

manufactured / pesticides

Question 50

What is Integrated Pest Management?

Answer 50

system in which only harmful pests are targeted - sparing insects that may be beneficial