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Fall 22 A&P > Final Exam lecture 2 > Flashcards

Final Exam lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many nephrons are in 1 kidney

A

1 million in each
Total 2 million

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2
Q

How many ml’s are in 1 deciliter

A

100mls

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3
Q

What is normal GFR in Deciliters

A

1.25 deciliters/min

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4
Q

What is normal urine production per hour

A

60ml/hr or 1ml/min

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5
Q

Name forces favoring filtration and values associated with them

A

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure= 60mmHg
Bowmans Capsule colloid osmotic pressure= 0mmHg

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6
Q

Name forces opposing filtration and values associated with them

A

Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure= 18mmHg
Glomerular capillary colloid pressure= 32mmHg

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7
Q

For normal healthy kidney, what is the equation for NFP

A

60-18-32=10mmHg

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8
Q

If we increase the resistance in the afferent arteriole, what would happen to GFR and RBF

A

Lower hydrostatic pressure, which would decrease GFR and decrease renal blood flow

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9
Q

What happens if we dilate afferent arteriole

A

decreases resistance pressure downstream goes up or hydrostatic pressure increase and increase GFR

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10
Q

Which of the vessels that sit directly upstream and downstream of the glomerular capsule has the highest resistance

A

efferent arteriole

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11
Q

What happens if we increase resistance in the efferent arteriole?

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure, increases GFR

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12
Q

What is the 2nd most important vessel for resistance and GFR

A

Afferent arteriole
The most important is efferent arteriole

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13
Q

What does constriction in the efferent arteriole do to RBF and FF

A

Decrease RBF
Increase Filtration fraction

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14
Q

Does colloid pressure increase or decrease as it moves along the distance of the glomerular capillary bed

A

Increase

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15
Q

At what pressure in mmHg does Glomerular colloid osmotic pressure start at and level at

A

Starts at 28mmHg and levels off at 36mmHg

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16
Q

If we increase the Filtration fraction, what will usually happen to the colloid concentration

A

Usually, increase colloid concertation

17
Q

What vessel do the Kidneys use for autoregulation?

A

Afferent arteriole

18
Q

What happens to the afferent arteriole of we are shot in the chest and lose a ton of blood

A

Kidneys will relax the afferent arteriole in response to low BP

19
Q

High BP cause what to happen to the afferent arteriole

A

The kidneys will constrict the afferent arteriole to decrease RBF

20
Q

What is the normal value of renal clearance of glucose

A

Should be 0, the body reabsorbs all of the solute and plasma

21
Q

What is the normal RBF for our class in Deciliters/min

A

10 Deciliter/min or 1000ml/min

22
Q

How many Deciliters do RBC’s make up in RBF

A

4 deciliters/min or 400ml/min

23
Q

How much plasma is filtered by the kidneys every minute in ml’s

A

600ml’s

24
Q

If we have high levels of creatinine, what does that usually mean for the GFR

A

GFR should be decreased

25
Q

What is the normal blood concentration of creatinine?

A

1mg/dl

26
Q

How much creatinine is reabsorbed by the kidneys in mg/dl

A

Kidneys don’t reabsorb creatinine it is a waste product so 0

27
Q

What is the concentration of creatinine in the urine

A

The filtration rate is 1.25dlmin X 1mg/dl= 1.25mg of creatine per minute is crammed into urine volume of 1ml or 0.01dl so 1.25mg/.01 dl= 125mg/dl concertation of creatinine in urine.

28
Q

If we give nitro, CCB or BB, what happens to RBF and urine output

A

Increase RBF and increase urine output

29
Q

What is the definition of Secretion?

A

Actively pumping from the blood into the tubule probably uses ATP or ion exchange, can pump drugs or ions like potassium

30
Q

What drug did we discuss in lecture that is heavily secreted by the kidneys? Hint it was discovered by Alexander Fleming.

A

Penicillin

31
Q

What is PAH and what does it stand for?

A

(Para-aminohippurate acid) is a compound that is heavily secreted by kidneys and should be 0 PAH molecules at the end of the kidneys because kidneys hate this and secrete it into tubule to get rid of that stuff. Renal clearance of PAH is high, PAH clearance is = to RPF since plasma doesn’t have any PAH at end of the kidneys. If you have elevated levels of PAH in the renal vein you have kidney problems

32
Q

What organ is responsible for producing Inulin?

A

None it completely exogenous

33
Q

What are the two reasons the peritubular capillaries are adept for reabsorption that we discussed in the lecture?

A

They have a low BP,
as blood travels along the path, fluid is filtered off, and the colloids are concentrated both permit large reabsorption

Fall 22 A&P (5 decks)

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