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Fall 22 A&P > Final Exam last lecture > Flashcards

Final Exam last lecture Flashcards

1
Q

If you donate a kidney how much does your GFR drop immediately

A

50%

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2
Q

What is the best way to treat a patient with severe renal stenosis effecting one kidneys

A

Either remove it or try to reduce ANG2 levels by an ARB, Renin inhibitor

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3
Q

What is the normal blood osmolarity for the perfectly healthy person

A

283

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4
Q

What electrolytes does ADH have a big impact on

A

None really, doesn’t mess with electrolytes only water

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5
Q

If you go on a crazy bender and drink like 2 liters of water…… crazy I know. What happens to your ADH levels

A

Less ADH released

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6
Q

When you chug your 2 liters of pure water what happens to your MD

A

MD doesn’t really make any changes, MD relies on looking for Na and Cl but if you down 2 liters of pure water its not enough of a difference for the MD to make changes. Now say you drink your 2 liters of pure Gatorade your MD would probably see a large increase in Na and Cl and would make changes

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7
Q

True or false for Essential HTN we know the cause of the HTN

A

False we do not know the cause

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8
Q

ARB’s effect what type of receptor be specific

A

AT-1

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9
Q

Is urine production the best way to measure kidney function

A

No it is not

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10
Q

What is the drug that Dr. S talked about in lecture that is controversial. This drug probably constricts the EA and artificially increases urine output, but the constriction reduces renal perfusion and isn’t the healthiest option for kidney health

A

Dopamine (no-hopeamine)

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11
Q

If we constrict the EA what happens to glomerular cap pressure, and filtration

A

Glomerular capillary pressure would increase and filtration would also increase.

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12
Q

What is the #1 cause of kidney problems

A

Diabetes

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13
Q

What is the way the immune system destroys things and create inflammation

A

Oxidative stress

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14
Q

Does Hyperglycemia usually go along with Hyper or Hypokalemia

A

Hyperkalemia usually

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15
Q

What can your body use as a secondary energy source if glucose levels are out of wack

A

Acetone/ketones

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16
Q

What encompasses metabolic syndrome or syndrome X

A

DM
HTN
Obesity

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17
Q

How does high blood pressure over extended periods effect the kidneys

A

High arterial pressure= High Pcap usually, more filtration kidney trying to compensate by pulling fluid off kidney gets overworked and damaged

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18
Q

What is the other term for scarring of the glomerulus

A

Glomerular sclerosis

19
Q

What 2 organ systems that we discussed in lecture really don’t like scar tissues?

A

Kidneys and heart
I mean I’m sure most organ systems don’t like it but this is what Dr. S talked about…..

20
Q

What are the 2 disease process that usually lead to kidney failure

A

HTN and DM

21
Q

What is the immune system type of cells that will attack cells that have improper glucose deposition on the cell wall

A

Macrophages

22
Q

How does Hyperglycemia lead to the destruction of nephrons cell

A

The high glucose content get deposited onto the ID tags of the cell walls. This improper glucose deposition alerts passing Immune system cells that something is wrong. The immune system responds by sending Macrophages to destroy the cell. This destruction leads to loss of nephrons

23
Q

If we lose 19/20 nephrons what stage of chronic renal failure are we at?

A

ESRD- only have 5% of working nephrons

24
Q

What autocoid do the inner medially blood vessels rely on for proper blood flow

A

Prostaglandins

25
Q

What part of the Arachidonic acid pathway helps determine medullary blood flow?

A

COX-2

26
Q

Why is aspirin a safer NSAID for kidney health

A

Aspirin blocks COX-1 more than COX-2

27
Q

Why is Celebrex not a good choice for NSAID in terms of renal perfusion

A

Celebrex blocks COX 2

28
Q

Why is Celebrex not a good choice for NSAID in terms of renal perfusion

A

Celebrex blocks COX 2

29
Q

If we cut our GFR in half what will happen to the concentration of creatinine in the blood

A

Will double

30
Q

If we cut our GFR by 3/4 what happens to the the blood concentration of creatinine

A

Increases by a factor of 4

31
Q

In terms of creatinine excretion how do we calculate it?

A

Excretion= GFR X Creatinine concentration on blood?

32
Q

List the types of diuretics
Their MOA
Their site of action

A
33
Q

What is the other term for good hypertrophy

A

Physiological hypertrophy

34
Q

What is the other term for Bad hypertrophy

A

Pathological Hypertrophy

35
Q

How many liters of free water are in the ICF

A

28 L
2/3 total water

36
Q

How many liters of free water are in the ECF

A

14.0 L
1/3 of total water

37
Q

What percantage of ECF is plasma

A

20% or 1/5

38
Q

True or false Na and Cl have high permeability with the cell wall

A

False they are not very permeable

39
Q

True or false Potassium is not permeable with the cell wall

A

False Potassium is permeable

40
Q

If we give a patient 1L of an isotonic fluid what will happen to their :
Osmolarity
ICF volume
ECF volume

A

Osmolarity-no change
ICF- No change
ECF- Increase volume

41
Q

If we give a patient 1L of an hypotonic fluid what will happen to their :
Osmolarity
ICF volume
ECF volume

A

Osmolarity- Decrease
ICF volume- Increase more than ECF probably
ECF volume- Increase

42
Q

If we give a patient 1L of an hypertonic fluid what will happen to their :
Osmolarity
ICF volume
ECF volume

A

Osmolarity- Increase
ICF volume- decrease
ECF volume- increase

43
Q

Between Inulin and creatinine which of these is a “pure substance of filtration” which means it is 100% filtered with no secretion

A

Inulin is the pure filtration
Creatinine has some secretion process to get rid of it

Fall 22 A&P (5 decks)

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