B4 Organising Animals and Plants (Plant Tissues & Organs)

Question 1

What organ supports the plant?

Answer 1

Stem

Question 2

What is the reproductive part of the plant?

Answer 2

Flower

Question 3

What does the root do?

Answer 3

Absorb water & mineral ions.

Question 4

What does the leaf carry out?

Answer 4

Photosynthesis

Question 5

Describe the appearance of a xylem vessel

Answer 5

Xylem are dead cells which lose their end walls so form a continuous, hollow tube

Question 6

What directions are substances transported in the phloem

Answer 6

Upwards and downwards

Question 7

What does the phloem transport?

Answer 7

Dissolved sugars

Question 8

Where does the phloem transport dissolved sugar to and from?

Answer 8

Leaves to the rest of the plant

Question 9

What does the xylem transport?

Answer 9

Water and mineral ions

Question 10

Where does the xylem transport water and mineral ions to and from?

Answer 10

From the roots to the rest of the plant

Question 11

What is the xylem strengthened by

Answer 11

Lignin

Question 12

Is xylem made of dead or live cells

Answer 12

Dead

Question 13

Is phloem made of living tissue

Answer 13

Living tissue

Question 14

Can xylem move substances in multiple directions?

Answer 14

No, one direction only

Question 15

Is phloem or xylem responsible for translocation

Answer 15

Phloem

Question 16

Process of a liquid turning into a gas

Answer 16

Evaporation.

Question 17

What is translocation

Answer 17

The movement of sugars through the plant

Question 18

What is the loss of water vapour through the leaf called?

Answer 18

Transpiration

Question 19

What is the transpiration stream

Answer 19

Constant movement of water through the xylem

Question 19

What is the transpiration stream

Answer 19

Constant movement of water through the xylem

Question 20

Water is pulled up from the __ to the ___

Answer 20

roots, leaves

Question 21

As the water evaporates more water is drawn up the ___

Answer 21

xylem

Question 22

The ___ ___ moves out of the leaf, through the ____ by the process of ___

Answer 22

water vapour, stomata, diffusion

Question 23

water ___ from the cells lining the air spaces in the leaf

Answer 23

evaporates

Question 24

Name 5 things that increase rate of transpiration

Answer 24

-Temperature increase
-Humidity decrease
-Air flow increases
-Light intensity
- number of stomata/ surface area

Question 25

List the layers of a leaf starting at the top

Answer 25

-waxy cuticle
-epidermal tissue
-palisade mesophyll tissue
-spongy mesophyll tissue
-epidermal tissue
-stomata, guard cells

Question 26

The epidermal tissue is covered in a waxy cuticle, what does the waxy layer help with?

Answer 26

Helps to reduce water loss by evaporation

Question 27

Why is the palisade layer (layer full of chloroplasts) near the top of the plant?

Answer 27

They can absorb the most light

Question 28

Which layer is transparent so light can pass through?

Answer 28

Upper epidermis

Question 29

What else helps structurally apart from the stem?

Answer 29

Xylem & phloem

Question 30

What gas diffuses straight into the leaf through diffusion and the stomata

Answer 30

CO2

Question 31

Which layer are the airspaces that increase the rate of of diffusion gases

Answer 31

Spongy mesophyll tissue

Question 32

Do phloem have sieve plates?

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

Are phloem continuous tubes?

Answer 33

No, xylem are

Question 34

What is transpiration?

Answer 34

Loss of water from a plant’s surface caused by evaporation and diffusion, usually happens at the leaves

Question 35

What closes at night time? And why?

Answer 35

Stomata, because photosynthesis can’t happen in the dark, so they don’t need to be open to let CO2 in.

Question 36

Why does temperature affect transpiration?

Answer 36

When it’s warm, the water particles have more energy to evaporate and diffuse out of the stomata.

Question 37

What does better air flow around a leaf mean?

Answer 37

If there is good air flow, the water vapour is swept away and maintains a low concentration of water particles outside the leaf as well as inside. This means that diffusion happens quickly from an area of high concentration, to an area of lower concentration.

If the air flow is poor, the water vapour just surrounds the leaf and doesn’t move away, this means that there is a high concentration of water particles outside the leaf as well as inside so it doesn’t diffuse as quickly

Question 38

What are stomata?

Answer 38

Tiny pores on the surface of a leaf which allow gases in and out.

Question 39

Guard cells absorb water by osmosis, therefore they swell and stretch. They bow and produce a ___

Answer 39

Hole, because the inner side is less stretchy compared to the outside which swells

Question 40

What happens to the guard cell when water is lost

Answer 40

Cell decreases in size and stoma shuts.

Question 41

What is transpiration?

Answer 41

Transpiration is the loss of water by evaporation through open stomata in the leaf

Question 42

Is the transpiration stream passive or active transport?

Answer 42

Passive

Question 43

Why is the movement of the transpiration stream important? (5)

Answer 43

1) photosynthesis
2) cooling as H2O evaporates
3) cell growth (cell elongation)
4) support of the plant (= osmosis)
5) mineral supply

Question 44

Form an experiment that investigates the numbers and distribution of stomata on a leaf

Answer 44

1. Make stomata peel using nail polish on a leaf
2. Place on a microscope slide
3. Use a low magnifying eyepiece and count the amount of stomata in the field of vision and repeat with a number of samples
4. Using a higher magnification, count the number of stomata in the field of vision and repeat with a number of sample areas of peel in your data.
5. You can also calculate the mean number of stomata on a given area of a leaf
6. Use this number to estimate the stomata on the whole leaf

Question 45

Name 3 plant tissues

Answer 45

Epidermis, palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll