Cell Division quick qs Flashcards
What is a stem cell
undifferentiated cell that can differentiate into one or more specialised cells
What are adult stem cells
stem cells from adults that can only differentiate into certain specialised cells
where can adult stem cells be found
bone marrow
what are embryonic stem cells
stem cells from embryos that can be differentiated into any specialised cell
where are embryonic stem cells found
early human embryos (usually from spare embryos from fertility clinics)
what is therapeutic cloning
-patient’s cells are used to create an early embryo clone of themselves
-stem cells from the embryo can then be used to treat the patients medical conditions
give one advantage of using therapeutic cloning
stem cells from the embryo are not rejected when transplanted because they have the same genes as the patient
give one advantage of using adult stem cells
fewer ethical issues as obtained from adults who can consent to their use
give 2 disadvantages of using adult stem cells
can take a long time for a suitable donor to be found
-can only differentiate into some specialised cell types so treat fewer diseases
give 2 advantages of using embryonic stem cells
-can differentiate into any specialised cell, so can be used to treat many diseases
-easier to obtain as they are found in spare embryos from fertility clinics
give 2 disadvantages of using embryonic stem cells
ethical issues surrounding their use, as every embryo is. a potential life
potential risks involved with treatments such as transfer of viral infections
what are plant meristems
area where rapid cell division occurs in the tips of roots and shoots
give two advantages of using plant meristem to clone plants
-rare plant species can be cloned to protect them from extinction
-plants with special features ( disease resistance) can be cloned to produce more copies
what is cell division by mitosis
body cells divide to form two identical daughter cells
what is the purpose of mitosis
growth and repair of cells, asexual reproduction
