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GCSE Biology > Cell Biology and transport quick questions > Flashcards

Cell Biology and transport quick questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are two types of eukaryotic cells

A

animal & plant

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2
Q

What type of cell are bacteria

A

prokaryotic

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3
Q

Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells

A

nucleus

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4
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane

A

controls movement of substances in and out of the cell

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5
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria

A

Site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell

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6
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts

A

Contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis

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7
Q

What is the function of ribosomes

A

Enables production of proteins (protein synthesis)

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8
Q

What is the function of the cell wall

A

strengthens and supports the cell

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9
Q

What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell

A

single loop of DNA

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10
Q

How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes

A

-use beams of electrons instead of light
-can only view dead things
-higher resolution
-higher magnification
-more expensive

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11
Q

What is the function of a red blood cell

A

transporting oxygen around the body

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12
Q

Give 3 adaptations of a red blood cell

A

-biconcave shape
-no nucleus
-contains haemoglobin

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13
Q

What is the function of a nerve cell

A

carries electrical impulses around the body

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14
Q

Give two adaptations of a nerve cell

A

-branched endings
-myelin sheath insulates the axon

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15
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell

A

fertilises an ovum (egg)

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16
Q

GIve 2 adaptations of a sperm cell

A

-flagellum (tail)
-contains lots of mitochondria

17
Q

What is the function of a palisade cell

A

carries out photosynthesis in a leaf

18
Q

Give 2 adaptations of a palisade cell

A

-lots of chloroplasts
-located at the top surface of the leaf

19
Q

What is the function of a roothair cell

A

absorb minerals and water from the soil

20
Q

Give 2 adaptations of a root hair cell

A

long projection, lots of mitochondria

21
Q

What is diffusion

A

-net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration along a concentration gradient
-this is a passive process and does NOT require energy from respiration

22
Q

Name 3 factors that affect the rate of diffusion

A

-temperature
-concentration gradient
-membrane surface area

23
Q

How are villi adapted for exchanging substances

A

-long and thin- increase surface area
–one cell thick- short diffusion pathway
-good blood supply- maintains a steep concentration gradient

24
Q

how are the lungs adapted for efficient gas exchange

A

> alveoli- large surface area
moist membranes- increase rate of diffusion
one cell thick membrane- short diffusion pathway
good blood supply- maintains a steep concentration gradient

25
Q

How are fish gills adapted for efficient gas exchange

A

> large surface area for gases to diffuse across
thin layer of cells- short diffusion pathway
good bloody supply- maintains steep concentration gradient

26
Q

What is osmosis

A

diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane

27
Q

Give one examples of osmosis in a plant

A

water moves from the soil into the root hair cell

28
Q

WHat is active transport

A

movement of particles against a concentration gradient- to form a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution- using energy from respiration

29
Q

WHy is active transport needed in plant roots

A

concentration of mineral ions in the soil is lower than inside the root hair cells
-the mineral ions must move against the concentration gradient to enter the root hair cells

30
Q

WHatis the purpose of active transport in the small intestine

A

sugars can be absorbed when the concentration of sugar in the small intestine is lower than the concentration of sugar in the blood

31
Q

An organism such as a bacterium with no nucleus

A

prokaryote

32
Q

organelles which carry out respiration and produce energy in the form of ATP

A

mitochondria

33
Q

a

A

GCSE Biology (8 decks)

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