ANC restrengthened

Question 1

describe the decline of the ANC in the early 70

Answer 1

former leaders prison and ANC exile since banning=prison leaders met contempt by younger activists who saw them as relics of past=absence of ANC and PAC=militantcy and violence=Mandela and others managed to open dialogue younger activists and learnt about new wave protest
-ANC not involved in military campaign since Wankie uprising 1967=soweto rejuvenated ANC and provided new cadres

Question 2

describe the ANC reorganisation

Answer 2

reorganised abroad=oversaw exiles, co-ordinated actions MK, raise funds nd set up ANC offices worldwide
-frustrations aming those at ANC military camps=mutnies on two occasions due to lack training facilities+expelled 8 dissidents in 75 for Africanist views and criticism of their relationship to SACP
-headquaters london and friendly african countries=launch attacks from
visited Vietnam and learnt gurellia warfare effective in urban areas=carry more publicity=saw role as both military and poltical in building organisation
-biggest issue=make itself clear leader not seen as terrorists but gov in waiting

Question 3

describe the ANC external reorganisation

Question 4

describe the role of Oliver Tambo

Answer 4

international face ANC=developed strategy mass poltical organisation and military conflict=launched joint offensive with MPLA gov forces against UNITA=llack success caused more frustrations
-various mutinies=frustrated recruits complained over lack resources and poor conditions
1985 conference issued code conduct in camps=issues continued=members used interroation techniques leaders like tambo powerless to control them
explained ANC not communist due to them accepting SACP=met with US reps even with Reagans anti-communist stance=gave evidence to HOC committee justifying armed struggle=commonwealth eminet persons group justified use sanctions on SA
had to keep ANC unified assure white people of ANC victory=Bothas state emergancy=make country ungovernable

Question 5

describe the beginnings of gruella warfare

Answer 5

made it easier after neighbours won independance could be used springboard for attack=ANC not strong enough to threaten aparthied =led to huge military commitment which drained economy
MK attacks included sabotage on railways and industial plants gov buildings and assasinations attacked polcie staion inforced removals =strength persistance than large scale events

Question 6

describe the international movement

Answer 6

public events rallies opposing movement =india close ties ANC=anti aprthied movements Canada and Netherlands
sweden close ties ANC =help with welfare education and healthcare facilities
anti-apartheid movement Britian=promoted boycotts and sanctions=1970 protests against SA rugby team several games abandoned=didnt buy fruit=USA congress overode Reagans veto impose sanctions SA