reasons for Botha's choice to negotiate

Question 1

reasons for failure of total strategy

Answer 1

economy struggling inflation rose 11% in 1983 to 18 by 86=new gov operations hardened international opinion=no end violence=security forces lost control=number violent incidents on SF rose 45 in 1984 to 281 by 1988=dissent within gov

Question 2

describe botha’s reforms

Answer 2

-many forms petty apartheid went=mixed marriages act 49 repealed 85=deseg parks=pass laws abolsihed 86
reforms called WHAM=winning hearts and minds or adapt or die=aim still remain white supremacy=wanted to divide and rule including Indian and coloured people in politics=84 tricameral parliament=assembly 178 white =representatives85 coloured members =delegates 45 Indian members =white members could outvote rest group=african people not represented at all=multiracial cabinet for general affairs=tax defense business foriegn affairs=uniracial cabinet own affairs=education health local gov
PM role increased =absolve parliament=responsable for african affairs=appoint cabinet
-securtiy forces by 70s comprised 14% forces in 78 given 99 lease properties -used to only be accpeted as temp residents
=conservative party formed due to backlash over changes

Question 3

describe the rubicon speech

Answer 3

15 august=200 million watched=long rambling insular speech=rubicon critical decision cant be reversed but failed to cross river and enforce real reform=disaster =Botha let mandela meet with eminet person groups but didnt free him in may 1986 security forces bombed capital cities 3 neighbouring states
many felt reforms cosmetic=planks apartheid like pop reg act stayed
trains not seg=petty apartheid
-townships stilled overcrowded

Question 4

describe the economic issues and the international pressure SA faced

Answer 4

international=gov loss confidence=aparthied was reformed but what remained was enforced more rigorously
-eco problems result of international issues=85-86 over 90 US firms closed down including Kodak=cost imports rose by 60% between 86 87=87 world bank growth rates lowest develpoed world inflation 3 highest=number blacks outnumbered whites by 2000=national disposable income fell 55 to 42 1985 to 2000
-rand fell by 35 and stock exhanged closed

Question 5

describe the effect of state of emergency

Answer 5

1886=re-establish control townships=continued domination of its neighbours
did not improve underlying issues=SADF 8000 troops in townships=1987=43 admitted deaths police custody and 29,000 arrests over 30 orgs like UDF banned
main effect was to turn it into dictatorship governed by coercion and suppression info
-internationally saw Botha’s reforms as window dressing=criticised white SA domination, power president, racial separation, reforms costly over beurocratic, african people no input=30 coloured people and 20 indians participated in election=too little too late