12: Law

Question 1

How is Psychology related to Law?

Answer 1

Studying the legal system helps psychologists see how behavior occurs in complex, personally relevant, and emotion-laden context.
-Eyewitness Testimony
-Confessions
-Jury Selection Making (Nonexistent in Ph)
-Posttrial: To Prison And Beyond

Question 2

An expectation of something that affect a person’s behavior and leads to those expectations to become reality (person unknowingly causes a prediction to come true, due to the simple fact that he or she expects it to come true).

Answer 2

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 3

The tendency to make dispositional attributions instead of situational attributions for other people’s behavior

Answer 3

Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 4

Refers to the psychological processes of acquiring, storing, retaining, and later retrieving information.

Answer 4

Memory

Question 5

the input of information into the memory system

Answer 5

Encoding

Question 6

The retention of the encoded information

Answer 6

Storage

Question 7

Process of getting the information out of memory and back into awareness

Answer 7

Retrieval

Question 8

The tendency for the presence of a weapon to draw attention and impair a witness’s ability to identify the perpetrator.

Answer 8

Weapon focus effect

Question 9

Tendency for people to be more accurate at recognizing members of their own racial group than of other groups; Witnesses have trouble recognizing members of a race other than their own.

Answer 9

Own race bias

Question 10

The tendency for false post-event misinformation to become integrated into peoples memory of an event.

Answer 10

Misinformation effect

Question 11

An eyewitnesses’ testimony about an event can be affected by how the questions put to the witnesses are worded.

a. Wording of questions
b. Lineup instructions
c. Mugshot-induced bias
d. Confidence malleability
e. Postevent information

Answer 11

Wording of questions

Question 12

Police instructions can affect an eyewitnessess’ willingness to make an identification

a. Wording of questions
b. Lineup instructions
c. Mugshot-induced bias
d. Confidence malleability
e. Postevent information

Answer 12

Lineup instructions

Question 13

Exposure to mugshots of a suspect increases the likelihood that the witness will later choose that suspect in a lineup

a. Wording of questions
b. Lineup instructions
c. Mugshot-induced bias
d. Confidence malleability
e. Postevent information

Answer 13

Mugshot-induced bias

Question 14

An eyewitnessess’ confidence can be influenced by factors that are unrelated to identification accuracy

a. Wording of questions
b. Lineup instructions
c. Mugshot-induced bias
d. Confidence malleability
e. Postevent information

Answer 14

Confidence malleability

Question 15

Eyewitness testimony about an event often reflects not only what they actually saw but information they obtained later on

a. Wording of questions
b. Lineup instructions
c. Mugshot-induced bias
d. Confidence malleability
e. Postevent information

Answer 15

Postevent information

Question 16

Young children are more vulnerable than adults to interviewer suggestion, peer pressures, and other social influences.

a. Child suggestibility
b. Alcoholic intoxication
c. Cross-race bias
d. Weapon focus
e. Accuracy-confidence

Answer 16

Child suggestibility

Question 17

It impairs an eyewitnessess’ later ability to recall persons and events.

a. Child suggestibility
b. Alcoholic intoxication
c. Cross-race bias
d. Weapon focus
e. Accuracy-confidence

Answer 17

Alcohol intoxication

Question 18

Eyewitnesses’ are more accurate when identifying members of their own race than members of other races.

a. Child suggestibility
b. Alcoholic intoxication
c. Cross-race bias
d. Weapon focus
e. Accuracy-confidence

Answer 18

Cross-race bias

Question 19

The presence of a weapon impairs an eyewitness’ ability to accurately identify the perpetrator’s face.

a. Child suggestibility
b. Alcoholic intoxication
c. Cross-race bias
d. Weapon focus
e. Accuracy-confidence

Answer 19

Weapon focus

Question 20

An eyewitnessess’ confidence is not a good predictor of his or her identification accuracy

a. Child suggestibility
b. Alcoholic intoxication
c. Cross-race bias
d. Weapon focus
e. Accuracy-confidence

Answer 20

Accuracy-confidence

Question 21

A mechanical instrument that records physiological arousal from multiple channels; often used as a lie detector test

Answer 21

Polygraph