14: Stress and Health

Question 1

an unpleasant state that arises when we perceive that the demands of an event strain our ability to cope effectively.

Answer 1

Stress

Question 2

What causes stress?

Answer 2

1. Crises and Catastrophes

Natural disasters and other catastrophic events can have harmful and long-term effects on mental and physical health.

People with posttraumatic stress disorder suffer from psychological and physical symptoms long after the event is over.
-It is like reliving the event; Soldiers exposed to combat often suffer from posttraumatic stress.

Question 3

What causes stress?

Answer 3

2. Major Life Events

Early research suggested that all change is stressful.

However, more recent studies suggest that only negative events are harmful.

Coping responses consist of the thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors by which people attempt to reduce stress.

Question 4

What causes stress?

Answer 4

3. Microstressors: The Hassles of Everyday Life

The most common sources of stress are minor everyday hassles.

Constant noise, burnout from job pressures, and commuting are all stressful in this regard.

Research shows that low socioeconomic status is strongly predictive of negative health outcomes and death.

Question 5

Stress is natural and short-lived stress can be a good thing.

It can make you active and alert when you need to be.

But chronic stress is bad.

True or False

Answer 5

True

Question 6

This describes the process your body goes through when you are exposed to any kind of stress, positive or negative.

Answer 6

General Adaptation Syndrome

Question 7

If you do not resolve the stress that has triggered GAS, it can lead to physical and mental health problems. True or False?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Your body reacts to the stress. Sympathetic nervous system. HIPA axis

Answer 8

Alarm

Question 9

It is the body’s resources that have been depleted (also called Compromised Immune System).

Answer 9

Exhaustion.

Question 10

Adaptation to stress. Sustained release of _________ in an attempt to maintain arousal.

a) Resistance; Catecholamines
b) Alarm; Cortisol
c) Resistance; Cortisol
d) Alarm; Catecholamines

Answer 10

c) Resistance; Cortisol

Question 11

A type of stress that is sudden, typically short-lived, and threatening event.

Examples:
Giving a Speech
Intermittent Fasting
Lifting Heavy Weight
Life Change (Death)
Presentation at Work
Running Sprints

Answer 11

Acute Stress

Question 12

A type of stress that refers to ongoing environmental demand.

Examples:
Drive to Work
Poor Diet
Poor Sleep Habits
Marital Conflict
Negative Friends
Work Stress

Answer 12

Chronic Stress

Question 13

It is another type of stress where acute stress is suffered too frequently. This is often observed in Type A personalities and can be found to always be in a hurry and short-tempered.

Answer 13

Episodic Stress or Episodic Acute Stress

Question 14

It refers to the stress response that is designed for acute emergencies, NOT for the constant long-term stress that humans often experience.

Answer 14

The General Adaptation Syndrome

Question 15

WHAT STRESS DOES TO THE HEART:

Stress is a major _____ _____ in coronary heart disease (CHD).

Answer 15

risk factor

Question 16

HOW STRESS DAMAGES THE HEART:

Stressful life events increases risk of heart attack and stroke:

Heart attack - 1.34x Risk (Cl: 1.25 - 1.44x)
Stroke - 1.75x Risk (Cl: 1.09 - 2.80x)
____ ____ ____ - 2.15x Risk (Cl: 1.61 - 2.85x)

(Fill in the blank)

Answer 16

High Blood Pressure

Question 17

WHAT STRESS DOES TO THE HEART:

Early research suggested that the hard-driving Type A personality, also called _____ _____ _____, is associated with CHD.

Answer 17

Coronary Behavior Pattern

Question 18

WHAT STRESS DOES TO THE IMMUNE SYSTEM:

The immune system contains specialized white blood cells called ________ that detect and destroy foreign substances in the body.

Answer 18

Lymphocytes

Question 19

Which among the following statements is false?

a) Stress increases heart rate and blood pressure, which increases the risk of disease.

b) The impact of stress hormones on immune processes is that corticosteroid suppresses the immune system, increasing the risk of disease.

c) Stress cause disturbance of the digestive system, which increases the risk of disease.

Answer 19

None. All of the statements are true :P

Question 20

According to the _______________ model of depression, exposure to an uncontrollable event sparks passive, apathetic, depression-like symptoms.

Answer 20

learned helplessness

Question 21

Research shows that the _________ people make for their lack of control are of central importance.

Answer 21

attributions

Question 22

The _____________ style is a tendency to make stable, global, internal attributions for bad events; it is associated with depression and perhaps with physical illness.

Answer 22

depressive explanatory

Question 23

Some individuals are more ______ than others in the face of stress, a trait called _______.

Answer 23

resilient; hardiness

Question 24

The key ingredient of hardiness is the belief that one has the power to ______ future outcomes through one’s own behavior.

Answer 24

control

Question 25

the belief that they can perform the behaviors needed to produce positive outcomes.

Answer 25

Self-efficacy (high or low)

Question 26

Some individuals are characteristically less pessimistic than others, and optimism at one point in time is predictive of later positive health outcomes. True or False?

Answer 26

FALSE. more optimistic

Question 27

An excessively or blindly optimistic person

Answer 27

Pollyanna Syndrome

Question 28

Unrealistic positive illusions may have undesirable interpersonal and health consequences.

Answer 28

Toxic positivity

Question 29

people try to reduce stress by overcoming the source of the problem.

Answer 29

Problem-focused coping

Question 30

people try to regulate negative emotional reactions to stress.

Answer 30

Emotion-focused