Chapter 16

Question 1

What is the primary function of the local muscles of the core?

Answer 1

Stabilize vertebral segments

Question 2

What is an appropriate cue that can be given to a client to properly perform the drawing-in maneuver?

Answer 2

To perform the drawing-in maneuver, pull in the region just below the navel toward the spine.

Question 3

Individuals with low-back pain have decreased activation of which local muscle of the core?

Answer 3

Multifidus

Question 4

Which type of scoliosis is influenced by improper muscle balance?

Answer 4

Functional (nonstructural) scoliosis

Question 5

The core is defined by the muscles in which region of the body?

Answer 5

Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex region

Question 6

Which type of muscle contraction/action produced force through muscle fiber shortening?

Answer 6

Concentric action

Question 7

Proper extensibility of which of these global core muscles is important or prior to performing the medicine ball pullover throw?

Answer 7

Latissimus dorsi

Question 8

Which regions of the spine demonstrate lordotic curves?

Answer 8

Cervical and lumbar

Question 9

Local muscles typically consist of which type of muscle fibers?

Answer 9

Type I

Question 10

Which of the following is considered a superficial muscle of the core?

Answer 10

Erector spinae

Question 11

Which regions of the spine demonstrate kyphotic curves?

Answer 11

Thoracic and sacral

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of an exercise that targets the local muscles of the core?

Answer 12

Side plank

Question 13

Which of the following should be emphasized the most in a core training program

Answer 13

Quality of movement

Question 14

Which term best describes core training effect on decreasing the incidence of new injuries?

Answer 14

Injury resistance

Question 15

How should the back be positioned when performing a bird dog exercise?

Answer 15

In a neutral position

Question 16

Which type of training can be used to improve activation of core muscles compared to traditional core training?

Answer 16

Instability training using a stability ball

Question 17

What is the primary action of the multifidus?

Answer 17

Stabilize and extend the soune

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of an exercise modality to enrich the proprioceptive nature of an exercise?

Answer 18

Wobble board

Question 19

Proper extensibility of which of these global core muscles is important prior to performing the medicine ball pullover throw?

Answer 19

Latissimus dorsi

Question 20

Which muscle is classified as a local muscle involved in stabilizing the spine?

Answer 20

Multifidus

Question 21

If forward head posture is permitted during the drawing-in maneuver, what muscle may be preferentially activated, leading to poor muscle balance throughout the spine?

Answer 21

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 22

For the kinetic chain checkpoints during core exercises, what is the appropriate position of the shoulders?

Answer 22

Depressed and slightly retracted

Question 23

What is the primary function of the global muscles of the core?

Answer 23

Force production during dynamic whole-body movements

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of an exercise that targets development of the rate of force production (power) of the core?

Answer 24

Medicine ball woodchop throw

Question 25

When properly activated, which muscle of the core creates tension in the thoracolumbar fascia?

Answer 25

Transverse abdominis

Question 26

Contractor of the erector spinae and hip flexor muscles creates what motion of the pelvis in the Sagittarius plane?

Answer 26

Anterior pelvic tilt

Question 27

The ability of an individual to maintain proper spinal and hip posture while the extremities are moving most accurately describes which term?

Answer 27

Core stability

Question 28

Which of the following would be the appropriate progression for a core training program to optimize function?

Answer 28

Intervertebral stability, lumbopelvic stability, movement efficiency

Question 29

Excessive anterior pelvic tilt would lead to this posture of the lumbar spine.

Answer 29

Increased lordosis

Question 30

Which client position during exercise has been shown to lead to the highest core muscle activity during breathing exercises?

Answer 30

Standing

Question 31

Which hip muscle helps maintain a level pelvis in the frontal plane?

Answer 31

Gluteus medius

Question 32

Contraction of the hamstring and rectus abdominis muscles create what motion of the pelvis in the sagittal plane?

Answer 32

Anterior pelvic tilt

Question 33

When performing a floor bridge exercise, why should you not raise the hips too far off the floor?

Answer 33

It may place excessive stress on the lumbar spine through hyperextension.

Question 34

Which of the following describes structural scoliosis?

Answer 34

Altered bone shape through the spine

Question 35

Posture of the spine is primarily controlled by which muscles of the core?

Answer 35

Local muscles

Question 36

What is the superior boundary of the core?

Answer 36

Diaphragm

Question 37

Which of the following is characterized as a local muscle of the core?

Answer 37

Transverse abdominis

Question 38

Which of the following is considered a deep muscle of the core?

Answer 38

Rotatores

Question 39

What is the definition of kinesiophobia?

Answer 39

Fear of movement

Question 40

Which term best describes the ability to contract muscles of the core with force in an effort to flex the trunk during a slow controlled movement?

Answer 40

Core strength

Question 41

During the cable rotation exercise, which position of the hip will help to decrease stress to the low-back?

Answer 41

Hip extension

Question 42

Which exercise primarily targets the transverse abdominis?

Answer 42

Drawing-in maneuver

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of an exercise that targets the global muscles of the core?

Answer 43

Back extension

Question 44

The drawing-in maneuver increases activation of what muscle?

Answer 44

Transverse abdominis

Question 45

Which of the following global muscles’ primary action is hip flexion?

Answer 45

Iliopsoas

Question 46

Which muscle acts to increase intra-abdominal pressure?

Answer 46

Transverse abdominis

Question 47

Which of the following is characterized as a global muscle of the core on the posterior aspect of the body?

Answer 47

erector spinae

Question 48

What term is used to describe combined muscle contraction (co-contraction) of the global muscles of the core?

Answer 48

Bracing