Chapter 7 - Basic concepts of English syntax

Question 1

Constituency

Answer 1

linguistic units “clump together” or “merge” in discourse

Question 2

Hierarchal structure

Answer 2

refers to the fact that linguistic units and clumps tend to “nest” within one another

Question 3

Lexical categories

Answer 3

Noun (N)
Pronoun (PRO)
Verb (V)
Adjective (ADJ)
Article (ART)
Adverb (ADV)
Preposition (P)
Auxiliary (AUX)
Empty inflectional element (INFL)
Complementiser (COMP)
Genitive clitic (G)

Question 4

Phrasal categories

Answer 4

Noun phrase (NP)
Verb phrase (VP)
Adjective phrase (AdjP)
Determined noun phrase (DP)
Adverb phrase (AdvP)
Prepositional phrase (PP)
Inflected verb phrase (IP)
Complement phrase (CP)
Genitive noun phrase (GP)

Question 5

Clause

Answer 5

the grammatical expression of a proposition

Question 6

Syntactic head

Answer 6

the element that determines the syntactic properties of the clump

Question 7

Semantic head

Answer 7

the element that expresses the main meaning of the clump

Question 8

Determiners

Answer 8

specify, identify, or quantify the following noun phrase, and can belong to any number of syntactic categories

Question 9

Grammatical relations

Answer 9

syntactic functions of nominal elements in clauses. Subject, Direct Object, Indirect Object, Oblique, Subject complement, and Object Complement

Question 10

Two major tests of constituent structure

Answer 10

movement
substitution

Question 11

Three secondary tests of constituent structure

Answer 11

interposition
coordination
omissibility