Chapter 11 - Auxiliaries

Question 1

Plain modal auxiliaries

Answer 1

non-inflectable, and most of them (all except need) do not function as lexical verbs in Modern English

Question 2

Examples of plain modal auxiliaries

Answer 2

can
may
need (negative)
will
shall
must
could
would
had better

Question 3

Examples of semi-auxiliaries

Answer 3

ought to (oughta)
have to (hafta)
used to (useta)
want to (wanna)
need to (affirmative or negative)
dare
be going to (gonna)
be supposed to
be bound to
be sure to

Question 4

The three non-modal auxiliaries are

Answer 4

do, have, and be

Question 5

Types of non-modal auxiliary “do”

Answer 5

“Dummy” do
“Emphatic” do
“Pro-verb” do

Question 6

Non-modal auxiliary “have”

Answer 6

“Perfect aspect” have

Question 7

Types of non-modal auxiliary “be”

Answer 7

“Progressive aspect” be
“Passive voice” be
“Copular” be

Question 8

Copular “be” is

Answer 8

a lexical verb

Question 9

Auxiliary “be” is

Answer 9

a grammatical functor

Question 10

The NICE properties

Answer 10

Negation
Inversion
Code (“stand for” previously mentioned verb phrase)
Emphasis

Question 11

The progressive test

Answer 11

Prototypically stative situations are not semantically amenable to expression in the progressive aspect (-ing)