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BMS 212 > Chapter 4: Prokaryotic Diversity Slides > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Prokaryotic Diversity Slides Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: There is nowhere on this earth that bacteria cannot grow.

A

True.

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2
Q

What is important about the metabolic activity of bacteria?

A

It is incredibly diverse, which allows bacteria to be found anywhere.

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3
Q

Why are bacteria have metabolic diversity important for humans?

A

Important for thriving ecosystems.
Nitrogen-fixing
Makes soil rich
Can tell us about air pollution

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4
Q

What is special about the rate at which bacterial genomes change?

A

It is super fast.

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5
Q

Why is this fast-changing of genomes important for bacteria?

A

They can adapt super quickly to their environment by changing their DNA.

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6
Q

What kind of respiration do proteobacteria do?

A

They do not do photosynthesis and respire aerobically.

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7
Q

What kind of cells are proteobacteria?

A

Gram-negatives.

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8
Q

What amount of nutrients do oligotrophs need to survive?

A

Very little nutrients.

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9
Q

True or False: Oligotrophs need a eukaryotic host to survive and replicate.

A

True; they are obligate intracellular pathogens.

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10
Q

What is an example of an oligotroph?

A

Chlamydia.

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11
Q

What class of bacteria do olgiotrophs fall into?

A

Proteobacteria; Alphaproteobacteria.

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12
Q

What class of bacteria do eutrophs/copiotrophs fall into?

A

Proteobacteria; Betaproteobacteria.

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13
Q

What amount of nutrients do eutrophs/copiotrophs need to survive?

A

A high amount of nutrients.

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14
Q

What is an example of eutrophs/copiotrophs?

A

Neisseria.

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15
Q

What class of bacteria do enterics fall into?

A

Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria.

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16
Q

What is special about the number of bacteria that falls into the class of gammaproteobacteria?

A

It is the largest group of proteobacteria.

17
Q

Where can you find enterics?

A

The intestines.

18
Q

What are the examples of enterics?

A

Vibrio chlorea
Escherichia (E. coli)

19
Q

What is special about the number of bacteria that fall into the class epsilonproteobacteria?

A

It is the smallest group of proteobacteria.

20
Q

What are the examples of epsilonproteobacteria?

A

Helicobacter
Campylobacter - most significant human bacteria.

21
Q

What are the examples of epsilonproteobacteria?

A

Helicobacter
Campylobacter - most significant human bacteria.

22
Q

How do nonproteobacteria respire?

A

They do photosynthesize and respire anerboically.

23
Q

What kind of cell are nonproteobacteria?

A

Gram-negative.

24
Q

What are spirochetes?

A

Spiral shaped bacteria (nonproteobacteria).

25
Q

What are bacteriodes?

A

Thrive in an anaerobic conditions; good fermenters (nonproteobacteria).

26
Q

Why are baceroides important for?

A

Important in the human gut
Important in grazing mammals guts.

27
Q

What are phototrophic bacteria?

A

Do produce oxygen, but mainly do not.

28
Q

True or False: Proteobacteira are phototrophic, but nonproteobacteria are not.

A

False: They both are.

29
Q

What do phototrophic bacteria do?

A

Synthesize pigments that enable photosynthesis.

30
Q

What are some examples of phototrophic bacteria?

A

Green and purple sulfur bacteria.

31
Q

True or False: Phototrophic bacteria can do oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis.

A

True.

32
Q

What is an example of a photobacterium that makes blooms that kill people?

A

Cyanobacteria.

33
Q

What does it mean to be a high G+C Gram-positive cell?

A

Their nucleotides contain more than 50% guanine and cytosine.

34
Q

What is the class of high G+C bacteria?

A

Actinobacteria.

35
Q

What are some examples of actinobacteria class bacteria?

A

Genus Streptomyces (antibiotics)
Genus Mycobacterium (TB)
Bifidobacterium (probiotics)

36
Q

What does it mean to be a low G+C Gram-positive cell?

A

Their nucleotides contain less than 50% guanine and cytosine.

37
Q

What are the 2 large class of low G+C Gram-positive bacteria?

A

Clostridium and Bacilli.

38
Q

What is the order and genus we should know from the Clostridium class?

A

Order: Lactobacillales
Genus Streptococcus

39
Q

What are the 2 genus we should know from the Bacilli class?

A

Genus Staphylococcus
Genus Bacillus

BMS 212 (24 decks)

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