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IS (FINALS) > Antigen > Flashcards

Antigen Flashcards

1
Q

Any molecular structure that when introduced is capable of Antibody production.

A

ANTIGENS

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2
Q
  • Can elicit the immune system to produce antibodies
  • Can be microorganism, pathogen, foreign substances, etc.
A

ANTIGENS

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3
Q

responsible for the molecular weight of the antigen; the molecular weight of an antigen can be expressed as _______

A

Carrier Portion; daltons

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4
Q

determines the specificity of the antigen; responsible for the specific antibody production and can be based on the nature of the antigen

A

Epitope or Determinant

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5
Q

The entire microbial cell is the carrier portion of the antigen. The specific structures on the membrane of the cell are the epitopes. The epitopes on the surface would determine the specific antibody that would interact with the _____?

A

bacillus

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6
Q

inherent ability of a substance to induce immune response resulting in the formation of immune lymphocytes or antibodies

A

IMMUNOGENECITY

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7
Q

the immunogen must be recognized as foreign or non-self to induce immune response

A

FOREIGNESS

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8
Q

self-antigen; derived from the person’s body

A

Autoantigen

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9
Q

derived from other individuals of the same species

A

Alloantigen

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10
Q

Example of Alloantigen

A

Blood cells of donors

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11
Q

derived from other species; can derived from animals or nonhuman sources; most foreign to humans

A

Heteroantigen

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12
Q

a type of heteroantigen that is produced from unrelated plants or animals that can induce a common or similar immune response

A

Heterophile antigen

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13
Q

is also known as tissue transplant

A

Graft

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14
Q

obtained from the patient’s own body

A

Autograft

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15
Q

Example of Autograft

A

Patients who had second- or thirddegree burn

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16
Q

obtained from identical individuals (identical twins)

A

Isograft/ Syngraft

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17
Q

obtained from non-identical individuals of the same species; most common graft transplanted

A

Allograft

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18
Q

Example of Allograft

A

Kidney, Blood

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19
Q

commonly transfused tissue

A

Blood

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20
Q

obtained from other species

A

Heterograft/ Xenograft

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21
Q

Example of Heterograft/ Xenograft

A

Other mammals or laboratory animals (pig’s heart)

22
Q

Minimum molecular weight for an antigen/ substance to induce immune response:

A

at least 10,000 daltons of molecular weight or
higher

23
Q

If less than 10, 000 daltons, the antigen is
considered as _____ (incomplete antingen)
thus, incapable to induce an immune
response due to its small size

A

hapten

24
Q

(30, 000 to 60, 000 daltons); considered as a good antigen

A

Albumin

25
Q

(100,000 to million daltons); excellent antigen because it is highly complex type

A

Hemocyanin

26
Q

the best and strongest antigen; highly stable because of the peptide bonds present which makes it circulate longer in the body

A

Proteins

27
Q

In the circulation, if the antigen could last longer in the circulation, that would make an antigen highly immunogenic. The longer it stays in the circulation, the longer the exposure of the antigen in the immune system leading to a greater chance of immune response.

A

Proteins

28
Q

Example of Polysaccharides

A

Endotoxin, pneumococcal capsule

29
Q

like ABO, Rh antigens

A

Glycoproteins

30
Q

Example of Polypeptide

A

Insulin

31
Q

least immunogenic

A

Nucleic Acid, Lipids and Amino Acids

32
Q

the ability to react specifically with the antibody
or cell that caused it to be produced

A

ANTIGENICITY/ SPECIFICITY

33
Q

based on the epitope present on the antigen surface

A

Specificity

34
Q

an incomplete antigen; not immunogenic by itself; if coupled with a carrier protein, hapten can elicit immune response since molecular weight will be increased and hapten structure will be stabilized

A

Hapten

35
Q

Common carrier protein

A

Albumin

36
Q

defined as any substance that can induce an immune response; antigen

A

Immunogen

37
Q

a special class of immunogen that induces hypersensitivity reactions specifically Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction; cause reaction to some people but not all

A

Allergen

38
Q

substances added to an immunogen to enhance immune response

A

Adjuvants

39
Q

longer stay in circulation, increases the chance to be recognized by immune cells (WBCs), activating immune system

A

Prolongs the retention time of the immunogen in the body

40
Q

the bigger substance, the more immunogenic and becomes easily recognized

A

Increases the effective size of immunogen

41
Q

increased production of immunocompetent WBC

A

Stimulates the influx of macrophage and/or lymphocytes

42
Q

Examples of Adjuvants

A

✓ CFA (Complete Freunds Adjuvants)
✓ LPS (Lipopolysaccharide)
✓ Aluminum Adjuvants

43
Q

composed of water in oil emulsion of Mycobacterium butyricum or Bordetella pertussis culture

A

CFA (Complete Freunds Adjuvants)

44
Q

more clinically/commonly used

A

Aluminum Adjuvants

45
Q

antigen that induces an antibody and reacts specifically with it

A

Homologous antigen

46
Q

cross reaction; antigen reacts with antibody. It did not induce for its production

A

Heterogenous antigen

47
Q

the strength of attraction between an epitope and the antigen combining site (Fab portion)
of the antibody

A

Affinity

48
Q

the sum of interaction/the strength of interaction between complex antigens and antibodies

A

Avidity

49
Q

measures the strength of attraction/interaction

A

AFFINITY & AVIDITY

50
Q

involves simple interaction (single epitope + Fab portion)

A

Affinity

51
Q

involves multiple epitopes are interacting with antibodies

A

Avidity

IS (FINALS) (21 decks)

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