Hypersensitivity

Question 1

defense mechanism by which the body rids itself of potentially harmful antigens. However, in some cases, the antigen can persist, and the immune response can cause damage to the host

Answer 1

immune response

Question 2

exaggerated response to a typically harmless antigen that results in injury to the tissue, disease, or even death.

Answer 2

hypersensitivity

Question 3

British immunologists who devised a classification system for these reactions based on four different categories

Answer 3

P. G. H. Gell and R. R. A. Coombs

Question 4

anaphylactic hypersensitivity

Answer 4

Type I hypersensitivity

Question 5

exposure to an antigen induces production of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody, which binds to receptors on mast cells and basophils. Subsequent attachment of the antigen to adjacent cell-bound IgE results in degranulation with release of chemical mediators that produce characteristic allergy symptoms

Answer 5

Type I hypersensitivity

Question 6

antibody-mediated cytotoxic hypersensitivity

Answer 6

type II hypersensitivity

Question 7

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) or immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies react with antigens on the surface of host cells. This can lead to cell damage by complement-mediated lysis or other mechanisms, dysfunction of the cell by blocking the binding of a ligand to a surface receptor, or overstimulation of a cell’s function

Answer 7

type II hypersensitivity

Question 8

complex-mediated hypersensitivity

Answer 8

Type III hypersensitivity

Question 9

IgG or IgM antibodies react with soluble antigens to form small complexes that precipitate in the tissues and activate complement. Recruitment of neutrophils to the site results in an inflammatory response that causes injury to the tissues

Answer 9

Type III hypersensitivity

Question 10

cell-mediated hypersensitivity

Answer 10

Type IV hypersensitivity

Question 11

*differs from the other three types because sensitized T cells, rather than antibody, are responsible for the symptoms that develop.

*involves the release of cytokines that induce
inflammation and tissue damage.

Answer 11

Type IV hypersensitivity

Question 12

symptoms develop within a few minutes to a few hours after exposure to the antigen

Answer 12

immediate hypersensitivity

Question 13

Examples of immediate hypersensitivity

Answer 13

Types I through III

Question 14

manifestations are not seen until 24 to 48 hours after contact with the antigen

Answer 14

delayed hypersensitivity

Question 15

Example of delayed hypersensitivity

Answer 15

Type IV hypersensitivity