124. Basic Ophthalmic Surgical Procedures Flashcards by Abi T

What is the primary function of the eyelids in dogs and cats? A. Tear production B. Protecting the ocular surface C. Enhancing vision D. Regulating intraocular pressure

B. Protecting the ocular surface

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Which of the following muscles is responsible for elevating the superior eyelid? A. Levator palpebrae superioris B. Orbicularis oculi C. Malaris muscle D. Frontalis muscle

A. Levator palpebrae superioris

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Which nerve provides sensation to the eyelids and corneal surface? A. Facial nerve B. Trigeminal nerve C. Oculomotor nerve D. Vagus nerve

B. Trigeminal nerve

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The most common complication of retrobulbar blocks is: A. Retrobulbar hemorrhage B. Globe perforation C. Optic nerve damage D. Infection

A. Retrobulbar hemorrhage

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Which of the following is a contraindication for performing a retrobulbar block? A. Diabetes mellitus B. Blepharitis C. Local infection D. Corneal ulceration

C. Local infection

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Which of the following is most effective in preventing the oculocardiac reflex during ocular surgery? A. Glycopyrrolate B. Lidocaine C. Epinephrine D. Phenylephrine

A. Glycopyrrolate

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During ophthalmic surgery, why is ocular lubrication necessary? A. To enhance anesthesia B. To reduce infection C. To prevent corneal desiccation D. To dilate the pupil

C. To prevent corneal desiccation

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What is the recommended dilution ratio for povidone-iodine solution used in presurgical preparation of the eye? A. 1:10 B. 1:20 C. 1:30 D. 1:50

D. 1:50

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Which of the following agents is most suitable for corneal irrigation during surgery? A. Normal saline B. Povidone-iodine scrub C. Hydrogen peroxide D. Alcohol

A. Normal saline

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What position is preferred for most adnexal and orbital procedures in dogs? A. Sternal recumbency B. Dorsal recumbency C. Lateral recumbency D. Ventral recumbency

A. Sternal recumbency

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The most common eyelid tumor in dogs is: A. Melanoma B. Squamous cell carcinoma C. Meibomian gland adenoma D. Histiocytoma

C. Meibomian gland adenoma

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Which of the following is the recommended suture pattern for closing a wedge resection in the eyelid? A. Simple interrupted B. Continuous horizontal mattress C. Cruciate D. Purse-string

A. Simple interrupted

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What is the most common congenital eyelid abnormality in cats? A. Ectropion B. Entropion C. Eyelid agenesis D. Ankyloblepharon

C. Eyelid agenesis

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Which of the following antibiotics is typically used for postoperative topical application in ophthalmic surgery? A. Amoxicillin B. Ciprofloxacin C. Neomycin D. Doxycycline

C. Neomycin

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Entropion in cats often requires which of the following surgical approaches? A. V-Y plasty B. Hotz-Celsus procedure C. Conjunctival graft D. Wedge resection

B. Hotz-Celsus procedure

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What is the primary purpose of a retrobulbar block during enucleation? A. Decrease intraocular pressure B. Enhance pupil dilation C. Provide analgesia and slightly exteriorize the globe D. Reduce corneal reflex

C. Provide analgesia and slightly exteriorize the globe

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Which nerve is responsible for motor innervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle? A. Oculomotor nerve B. Trigeminal nerve C. Facial nerve D. Optic nerve

C. Facial nerve

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The most common cause of ankyloblepharon in kittens is: A. Conjunctivitis B. Herpesvirus infection C. Eyelid agenesis D. Lacrimal duct obstruction

B. Herpesvirus infection

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A chalazion is best treated by: A. Cryotherapy B. Chalazion curettage C. Antibiotic ointment D. Enucleation

B. Chalazion curettage

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In dogs, what percentage of eyelid tumors are benign? A. 25% B. 50% C. 73% D. 90%

C. 73%

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Temporary tarsorrhaphy is primarily used to: A. Correct ectropion B. Protect the cornea during healing C. Reduce intraocular pressure D. Enhance tear production

B. Protect the cornea during healing

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What is the first-line treatment for keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs? A. Topical antibiotics B. Cyclosporine or tacrolimus C. Corticosteroid injections D. Surgical correction

B. Cyclosporine or tacrolimus

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Which surgical technique is recommended for removing small meibomian gland tumors? A. Cryotherapy B. Laser ablation C. Wedge resection D. Electrocautery

C. Wedge resection

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When performing eyelid surgery, what type of suture material is preferred for closing the skin? A. Polypropylene B. Polyglactin C. Catgut D. Silk

B. Polyglactin

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Which of the following is a key indication for performing a permanent medial canthoplasty? A. Entropion B. Ectropion C. Euryblepharon D. Lagophthalmos

C. Euryblepharon

Which of the following is the most common eyelid tumor in cats? A. Meibomian gland adenoma B. Squamous cell carcinoma C. Melanoma D. Histiocytoma

B. Squamous cell carcinoma

The Hotz-Celsus procedure is primarily used to treat: A. Ectropion B. Entropion C. Lagophthalmos D. Distichiasis

B. Entropion

During corneal surgery, a lightweight eyelid speculum used to retract the eyelids is: A. Castroviejo speculum B. Barraquer wire speculum C. Chalazion clamp D. Jaeger lid plate

B. Barraquer wire speculum

Which of the following is the correct treatment for ectopic cilia? A. Manual epilation B. Cryoepilation C. Chalazion curettage D. Enucleation

B. Cryoepilation

The muscle responsible for closing the eyelids is the: A. Levator palpebrae superioris B. Orbicularis oculi C. Frontalis D. Malaris

B. Orbicularis oculi

The oculocardiac reflex is best prevented by: A. Administering atropine preoperatively B. Using topical anesthetic drops C. Applying a warm compress D. Placing an Elizabethan collar

A. Administering atropine preoperatively

What is the primary purpose of using a chalazion clamp during eyelid surgery? A. Prevent bleeding B. Increase corneal exposure C. Stabilize the eyelid D. Elevate the third eyelid

C. Stabilize the eyelid

The most common congenital nasolacrimal duct anomaly in dogs is: A. Punctal aplasia B. Ectopic puncta C. Nasolacrimal cysts D. Canalicular atresia

A. Punctal aplasia

A commonly used antibiotic for prophylaxis during ophthalmic surgery is: A. Enrofloxacin B. Amoxicillin C. Cefazolin D. Doxycycline

C. Cefazolin

A nasolacrimal duct flush is typically performed to: A. Diagnose corneal ulcers B. Relieve epiphora C. Remove foreign bodies from the eye D. Assess tear production

B. Relieve epiphora

Which of the following instruments is essential for eyelid margin repair? A. Castroviejo needle holder B. Stevens tenotomy scissors C. Barraquer wire speculum D. Derf needle holder

A. Castroviejo needle holder

In cases of entropion correction in cats, how should the correction be estimated? A. Underestimate the correction B. Exact measurement based on rolling C. Overestimate the correction D. No correction required

C. Overestimate the correction

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the nasolacrimal system? A. Lacrimal gland B. Canaliculi C. Sclera D. Puncta

C. Sclera

The Schirmer tear test is primarily used to assess: A. Intraocular pressure B. Tear production C. Corneal sensitivity D. Retinal function

B. Tear production

Which muscle retracts the globe in dogs during anesthesia? A. Retractor bulbi muscle B. Levator palpebrae superioris C. Orbicularis oculi D. Malaris muscle

A. Retractor bulbi muscle

A commonly used surgical procedure for correcting lagophthalmos is: A. Tarsorrhaphy B. Conjunctivoplasty C. Keratoplasty D. Blepharoplasty

A. Tarsorrhaphy

Which of the following is a common cause of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction? A. Congenital agenesis B. Foreign bodies C. Ectopic cilia D. Retinal detachment

B. Foreign bodies

Which of the following surgical techniques is most effective for deep corneal ulcers? A. Conjunctival graft B. Hotz-Celsus procedure C. Cryotherapy D. Enucleation

A. Conjunctival graft

Which of the following surgical flaps is commonly used for large upper or lower eyelid defects? A. Sliding pedicle advancement flap B. Lip-to-lid flap C. Semicircular flap D. V-Y plasty

C. Semicircular flap

For surgical removal of a meibomian gland adenoma, the best approach is: A. Cryoablation B. Wedge resection C. Laser ablation D. Electrocautery

B. Wedge resection

The gland of the third eyelid contributes approximately what percentage of tear production? A. 10% B. 20% C. 35% D. 50%

C. 35%

What is the recommended treatment for severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca unresponsive to medical therapy? A. Conjunctival graft B. Parotid duct transposition C. Enucleation D. Retrobulbar block

B. Parotid duct transposition

Ectopic cilia most commonly cause which of the following symptoms? A. Corneal ulceration B. Decreased tear production C. Retinal detachment D. Epiphora

A. Corneal ulceration

Which of the following antibiotics is commonly used in postoperative ophthalmic ointments? A. Ciprofloxacin B. Neomycin C. Vancomycin D. Chloramphenicol

B. Neomycin

For temporary relief of epiphora due to nasolacrimal duct obstruction, which of the following is most effective? A. Normograde flushing B. Retrograde flushing C. Topical corticosteroids D. Cryotherapy

A. Normograde flushing

What is the common term for prolapse of the nictitating membrane gland?

Cherry eye

At what age does prolapse of the nictitating membrane gland typically occur in dogs?

Before 2 years of age

Which breeds are commonly affected by prolapse of the nictitating membrane gland?

Cocker Spaniels, Lhasa Apsos, Bulldogs, Pekingese

What is the appearance of a prolapsed nictitating membrane gland?

Smooth pink or red mass

What is a common complication if a prolapsed nictitating membrane gland is left untreated?

Chronic conjunctivitis

What is the preferred treatment for prolapse of the nictitating membrane gland?

Surgical repositioning

Why is excision of the prolapsed nictitating membrane gland generally not recommended?

Because the gland contributes to tear production

Which surgical technique is described by the Kaswan and Martin method?

Orbital rim anchoring technique

What suture material is typically used for the Kaswan and Martin technique?

Nonabsorbable 4-0 monofilament

In the Morgan pocket technique, what is created to reposition the gland?

A conjunctival pocket

What suture size is used to close the pocket in the Morgan technique?

5-0 or 6-0 polyglycolic acid or polyglactin

What complication is common in Bulldogs after gland repositioning surgery?

Re-prolapse of the gland

Which surgical technique involves anchoring the gland to the cartilage?

Orbital rim anchoring

What condition can occur alongside nictitating membrane gland prolapse?

Eversion of the cartilage

What is a common postoperative complication of nictitating membrane gland repositioning?

Recurrence or re-prolapse

Which condition is commonly seen in breeds that develop cherry eye?

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

What is the main risk if the sutures are placed too tightly in a nictitating membrane flap procedure?

Eyelid necrosis

What is a key indication for using a nictitating membrane flap?

Refractory indolent ulcers

What is the recommended treatment for large adenocarcinomas on the nictitating membrane?

Excision of the entire third eyelid

Which breed is predisposed to plasmoma affecting the nictitating membrane?

German Shepherds

What is the typical treatment for follicular conjunctivitis on the nictitating membrane?

Topical dexamethasone or prednisolone

What type of biopsy technique is used for masses on the nictitating membrane?

Excisional biopsy with tenotomy scissors

What surgical procedure is indicated for invasive neoplasia of the nictitating membrane?

Excision of the nictitating membrane

What is the main cause of corneal ulceration in cases with foreign bodies behind the nictitating membrane?

Persistent irritation and inflammation

What is a common sign of a foreign body lodged behind the nictitating membrane?

Epiphora and blepharospasm

Which flap technique uses the nictitating membrane as a corneal shield?

Nictitating membrane flap

What suture pattern is commonly used for securing a nictitating membrane flap?

Horizontal mattress suture

What is the primary risk of using nictitating membrane flaps for infected ulcers?

Progression of the ulcer

What is the main disadvantage of using a nictitating membrane flap?

Obscures corneal visualization

Which structure must not be exposed during partial excision of the nictitating membrane?

Cartilage

What is the first step in removing a foreign body from behind the nictitating membrane?

Instillation of a topical anesthetic

Which suture size is used for closing excised conjunctiva in partial nictitating membrane removal?

6-0 or 7-0 polyglactin

What is a common tumor found on the leading margin of the nictitating membrane in dogs?

Hemangioma

What is the treatment for chronic plasmoma involving the nictitating membrane?

Topical cyclosporine

Which condition often requires removal of a crescent-shaped strip of conjunctiva?

Protrusion of the nictitating membrane

What is the recommended postoperative care for excision of the nictitating membrane?

Topical antibiotics

What technique is used to repair ulcers deeper than two-thirds corneal thickness?

Conjunctival graft

Which breed is most commonly affected by eversion of the nictitating membrane cartilage?

Bulldogs

What is the primary function of the nictitating membrane gland?

Tear production

What antibiotic is recommended postoperatively after gland repositioning?

Topical neomycin

What is a common presenting sign of cherry eye?

Protrusion of a smooth pink mass

What condition is a possible complication of untreated cherry eye?

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

What technique is preferred for anchoring the gland to the ventral rectus muscle?

Orbital rim anchoring

Which surgical technique uses a purse-string suture to anchor the gland?

Kaswan and Martin technique

What suture type is used for Morgan pocket technique?

Polyglycolic acid

What is a common cause of recurrence after Morgan pocket surgery?

Improper suture placement

What condition may occur if the Morgan pocket incisions are connected?

Cyst formation

Which technique is used to correct chronic protrusion of the nictitating membrane?

Surgical shortening

What is the function of stents in nictitating membrane flap procedures?

Distribute tension and prevent necrosis

Which diagnostic test confirms corneal ulceration caused by foreign bodies?

Fluorescein stain

What is the primary function of the nictitating membrane gland in dogs?

Tear production

Which breed is most commonly affected by prolapse of the nictitating membrane gland?

Cocker Spaniel

What is the most common clinical sign of a prolapsed nictitating membrane gland?

Red mass protruding from the eye

Which surgical technique is commonly used to reposition the prolapsed nictitating membrane gland?

Morgan pocket technique

What suture material is typically used in the Morgan pocket technique?

5-0 or 6-0 polyglycolic acid

Which complication is most likely to occur if a prolapsed gland is left untreated?

Chronic conjunctivitis

What percentage of tear production is contributed by the nictitating membrane gland?

0.35

Which muscle is involved in the Kaswan and Martin orbital rim anchoring technique?

Medial rectus muscle

What is the main reason for avoiding excision of the prolapsed nictitating membrane gland?

To preserve tear production

Which surgical technique is commonly preferred due to its ease of learning?

Morgan pocket technique

In the Morgan pocket technique, how many parallel incisions are made in the conjunctiva?

Two

What is a common cause of prolapse of the nictitating membrane gland in young dogs?

Genetic predisposition

Which suture pattern is commonly used to close the conjunctiva in the Morgan pocket technique?

Simple continuous

What is a common postoperative complication of the orbital rim anchoring technique?

Re-prolapse

What is the primary indication for using the nictitating membrane flap technique?

Neurotrophic keratitis

What type of suture is used in the orbital rim anchoring technique of Kaswan and Martin?

4-0 nonabsorbable monofilament

What condition often accompanies chronic prolapse of the nictitating membrane gland?

Everted cartilage

What is a typical clinical sign of a foreign body behind the nictitating membrane?

Blepharospasm

Which breed is predisposed to plasmoma involving the nictitating membrane?

German Shepherd

What is the recommended treatment for adenocarcinoma of the nictitating membrane gland?

Excision of the entire third eyelid

What is the most common indication for partial excision of the nictitating membrane?

Tumors on the leading margin

Which of the following breeds is least likely to develop a prolapsed nictitating membrane gland?

Golden Retriever

What is the primary purpose of using a nictitating membrane flap for corneal protection?

Protecting the cornea

Which type of conjunctival graft is often used after keratectomy for deep corneal ulcers?

Conjunctival pedicle graft

What is a common cause of nictitating membrane protrusion in cats?

Horner’s syndrome

What is a common complication associated with the Morgan pocket technique?

Cyst formation

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the nictitating membrane?

Trigeminal nerve

What is the primary function of the third eyelid in dogs and cats?

Protecting the corneal surface

Which surgical technique is recommended for treating everted cartilage of the nictitating membrane?

Hotz-Celsus procedure

Which drug is commonly used topically postoperatively after nictitating membrane surgery?

Neomycin

What is a typical sign of conjunctivitis involving the nictitating membrane?

Mucopurulent discharge

What type of biopsy technique is recommended for masses on the nictitating membrane?

Incisional biopsy

Which antibiotic is commonly used for topical ophthalmic treatment after surgery?

Tobramycin

What is a contraindication for using the nictitating membrane flap technique?

Infected ulcers

What is a common clinical sign of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs?

Mucopurulent discharge

Which surgical technique involves creating a pocket to reposition the gland?

Morgan pocket technique

What is the main disadvantage of the nictitating membrane flap technique?

Limited visualization

Which breed is most prone to chronic inflammation of the nictitating membrane gland?

Bulldog

What is the main indication for excising the nictitating membrane?

Neoplasia

What type of suture is used to secure the nictitating membrane flap to the superior eyelid?

4-0 nonabsorbable

What is a common cause of third eyelid protrusion due to neurological conditions?

Horner’s syndrome

What is the preferred method for diagnosing foreign bodies behind the nictitating membrane?

Ultrasound

Which surgical technique is best for correcting a prolapsed nictitating membrane gland with minimal tissue trauma?

Orbital rim anchoring

What is a common sign of chronic irritation from a prolapsed nictitating membrane gland?

Persistent ocular discharge

Which condition may mimic a prolapsed nictitating membrane gland in appearance?

Plasmoma

What is the first step in the Kaswan and Martin anchoring technique?

Incising the conjunctiva

What is the function of the horizontal mattress suture in nictitating membrane flap surgery?

To distribute tension

Which breed is most commonly affected by nictitating membrane adenomas?

Pekingese

What is the recommended treatment for chronic follicular conjunctivitis of the nictitating membrane?

Topical dexamethasone

Which surgical technique involves tacking the gland to the ventral rectus muscle?

Anchoring to ventral rectus

What is the most common complication after repositioning surgery of the nictitating membrane gland?

Re-prolapse

124. Basic Ophthalmic Surgical Procedures Flashcards

(151 cards)