Endocrine System

Question 1

function 1

Answer 1

Encomposes a group of tissues that release hormones circulation for travel to and action on
distant targets

Question 2

function 2

Answer 2

Endocrine tissue is typically a ductless gland (into
e.g.pituitary , thyroid) that releases its hormones into
capillaries that permeate the tissue

Question 3

function 3

Answer 3

These glands are richly supplied with blood

Question 4

function 4

Answer 4

Hormones control or regulate a multitude of biologic
tissue processes in virtually all tissues

Question 5

act on their target cells receptors located on the cell surface; e.g. by binding adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) from the pituitary, insulin to hormone hormone (PTH)

Answer 5

Protein /Polypeptide Hormones

Question 6

derivatives of cholesterol and include products of the adrenal cortex, ovaries, and testes as well as the related molecule, Vitamin D - are rapidly synthesized from cholesterol by a series of enzymic reactions and stored intracellularly in the tissue of origin

Answer 6

Steroid Hormoes

Question 7

made by chemical modification of amino acids, mainly tyrosine

Answer 7

Modified Amino Acid Hormones

Question 8

• link the nervous system to the endocrine system via
  the pituitary gland
• responsible for the regulation of certain metabolic
  processes and other activities of the autonomic
  nervous system

Answer 8

Hypothalamus

Question 9

stimulates ACTH release
(adenohypophysis)

Answer 9

Corticotropin-RH

Question 10

stimulates FSH, LH release
(adenohypophysis)

Answer 10

Gonadotropin-RH

Question 11

stimulates GH release
(adenohypophysis)

Answer 11

Growth Hormone-RH

Question 12

somatostatin; inhibits GH release
(adenohypophysis)

Answer 12

GH-inhibiting
hormone

Question 13

stimulates TSH release
(adenohypophysis)

Answer 13

Thyrotropin-RH

Question 14

dopamine; Inhibits prolactin release
(adenohypophysis)

Answer 14

Prolactin-IH

Question 15

Neurohypophysis Hormones

stimulates uterine contraction, milk
letdown (uterus, mammary glands)

Answer 15

Oxytocin

Question 16

Neurohypophysis Hormones

vasopressin; conserves water, reduces urine volume (kidney); constricts vessels to raise blood pressure (arterioles)

Answer 16

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 17

• is anatomically and functionally related to the
  hypothalamus.
• an essential gland of the body and sometimes
  referred to as the “master gland”, because it can
  control several of the other hormone glands.
• is a bean-sized organ suspended from the
  hypothalamus by a stem called the infundibulum
  (pituitary stalk).

Answer 17

Pituitary Gland - Hypophysis

Question 18

2 lobes

Answer 18

posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary

Question 19

(neurohypophysis) composed of neural tissue

Answer 19

posterior pituitary

Question 20

(adenohypophysis) composed of glandular tissue.

Answer 20

anterior pituitary

Question 21

between the posterior and
anterior lobes, synthesizes and secretes
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).

Answer 21

intermediate lobe

Question 22

Adenohypophysis Hormones

stimulates cortical development, glucocorticoid release (adrenal cortex)

Answer 22

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 23

Adenohypophysis Hormones

stimulates follicular development (ovary), sperm development (testes)

Answer 23

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 24

Adenohypophysis Hormones

lutropin; stimulates ovulation,
development of corpus luteum,
secretion by corpus luteum (ovary),
secretion of androgens (testes)

Answer 24

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 25

Adenohypophysis Hormones

somatotropin; Promotes growth in immature animals; metabolic effects on carbohydrate, lipid,
protein metabolism in adults

Answer 25

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 26

Adenohypophysis Hormones

stimulates release of thyroid hormones (follicular cells of thyroid gland)

Answer 26

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 27

Adenohypophysis Hormones

promotes lactation (mammary gland), maternal behavior (central nervous system)

Answer 27

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 28

• are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top
  (cranial) on both kidneys.
• produce hormones that help in regulating
  metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, and
  responses to stress, and other essential functions.

Answer 28

Adrenal gland

Question 29

secretes steroid hormones

Answer 29

outer cortex

Question 30

secretes adrenaline

Answer 30

inner medulla

Question 31

Adrenal Cortex Hormones

essential for normal response to stress; important roles in protein, carbohydrate metabolism
(multiple organs including liver)

Answer 31

Glucocorticoids

Question 32

Adrenal Cortex Hormones

aldosterone; conserve Na, eliminate K (kidney)

Answer 32

Mineralocorticoids

Question 33

Adrenal Medulla Hormones

augments sympathetic response to stress by
actions on several organs

Answer 33

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine

Question 34

is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the base of the
neck.

Answer 34

Thyroid Gland

Question 35

2 major types of cells of TG

Answer 35

follicular cells produce hormones and parafollicular cells

Question 36

responsible in controlling metabolism

Answer 36

follicular cells produce hormones

Question 37

produce hormone responsible in calcium (Ca) regulation.

Answer 37

parafollicular cells

Question 38

Thyroid Follicular Cells

increases oxygen consumption, ATP generation
(almost all cells)

Answer 38

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 39

Thyroid Follicular Cells

promotes calcium retention (bone)

Answer 39

Thyroxine (T4)

Question 40

Thyroid Parafollicular Cells

promotes calcium retention (bone)

Answer 40

Calcitonin

Question 41

promotes increase in plasma calcium, reduction in plasma phosphate (bone, kidney)

Answer 41

Parathyroid hormone

Question 42

involves a response that is the reverse of the change detected (it functions to reduce the change)

Answer 42

Negative Feedback

Question 43

involves a response that reinforces the change detected (it functions to amplify the change)

Answer 43

Positive Feedback