Chapter 2 Flashcards
The ethical principles that advocate respect for the well-being and freedom of others are referred to as
-virtues
-rights
-fairness
-justice
Rights
Which of the following is based on the moral norms and principles that say all human beings are empowered to do something or have something done for them?
-Human rights
-Legal rights
-Constitutional rights
-Jurisdictional rights
Human Rights
According to psychologist Scott Reynolds, when we find ourselves in new situations that require a reasoning process, the _____ takes over conscious reasoning.
-casuistry
-action principle
-ethics of virtue
-C-system
C-system
Which of the following describes the duties others have to not interfere in certain activities of another person who is exercising a given right?
-Contractual rights
-Obligations
-Negative rights
-Duties
Negative duties
Which of the following is considered to be a primary benefits of utilitarianism?
-It advocates policies that create the biggest financial reward.
-It produces the greatest benefits for society at a reasonable cost.
-It allows governments to clearly define what is ethically right or wrong.
-It impartially considers everyone’s interests.
It impartially considers everyone’s interests
Which of the following types of moral decision-making relies on past situations where there was a clear ethical response based on sound ethical reasoning?
-Cultural
-Casuistry
-Intention
-X-System
Casuistry
Which of the following statements support the views of egalitarians in terms of equality?
-All humans are equal and goods should be allocated in equal portions.
-There are differences among people that justify unequal treatment.
-If all cannot be served equally, those who are first, or senior, should be served first.
-Goods should be allocated based on need, ability, and effort.
All humans are equal and goods should be allocated in equal portions
Which of the following describes judgments based on ethical principles that deal with fairness of the distribution of benefits and burdens in society?
-Rights
-Virtue
-Utilitarianism
-Justice
Justice
Which type of rights are outcomes of a specific transaction between particular individuals?
-Positive
-Contractual
-Moral
-Utility
Contractual
Generally speaking, which ethical guidelines have greater weight in the decision-making process?
-Moral rights
-Utilitarian standards
-Standards of justice
-Individual rights
Moral rights
Which of the following is a moral demand in an ethic of care?
-We should respond in a way that provides the most benefit to ourselves.
-We should respond positively to the needs and well-being of those who support our goals.
-We should respond in a way that furthers the goals of the majority.
-We should respond positively to the needs, values, and well-being of others.
We should respond positively to the needs, values, and well-being of others
The majority of moral decisions are made without thinking through the consequences; these decisions are made through the _____ processes.
-conscious
-ethical reasoning
-unconscious
-logical reasoning
unconscious
According to social psychologist Marc Hauser, when someone purposely harms another person, it is morally worse than the same level of harm created as a side effect of a positive goal. Which of the principles for guiding moral judgment is being applied?
-The contact principle
-The paradigm principle
-The intention principle
-The action principle
The intention principle
Which of the following best explains the idea of distributive justice?
-Punishments and penalties should be given to all those who do wrong.
-The larger the injustice, the more compensation an injured party should receive.
-Equals should be treated as equals; those who are not equal should be treated differently.
-Punishment should be greater for those who intentionally do wrong.
Equals should be treated as equals; those who are not equal should be treated differently
Which of the following best describes the utility of a course of action by a business?
-The most objective benefits of an action
-The level of acceptability of an action by society
-The amount of compromise needed to produce an action
-The combination of benefits and costs of an action
The combination of benefits and costs of an action
