Tobacco

Question 1

Proportion of current UK smokers

Answer 1

15%

Question 2

How many deaths from COVID 19 in 2020 vs tobacco?

Answer 2

80,000 COVID
94,000 Tobacco

Question 3

What is the biggest cause of mortality and morbidity in the NHS which is preventable?

Answer 3

Tobacco related disease

Question 4

Health risks of smoking

Answer 4

2x CVS disease
5x more likely Influenza
3x sudden infant death risk
11x risk of lung cancer

Question 5

COVID 19 vs Tobacco

Answer 5

COVID -
Communicable
Worldwide
Devastating financial impact

Tobacco -
Non-communicable
Worldwide
More deaths every year
Devastating financial impact

Question 6

Health effects of Tobacco VS Covid

Answer 6

Tobacco:
Chronic
Lung, CVS
Malignancy
Pregnancy
50% Mortality

Covid:
Acute
Lung, GI, neurological
1% mortality

Question 7

What are the 4 markers of addiction?

Answer 7

Use despite knowledge of harmful consequences

Cravings during abstinence

Failure of attempts to stop

Withdrawal symptoms during abstinence

Question 8

What is cigarette smoking addiction?

Answer 8

Chronic relapsing disorder that starts in adolescence
Nicotine causes the addiction NOT the harmful tobacco

Question 9

Why is nicotine addictive? What does it do?

Answer 9

Nicotine acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Stimulates dopamine release
= pleasure and satisfaction when smoking

Question 10

What happens to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors following chronic nicotine exposure?

Answer 10

Enters upregulated state - more receptors, increased affinity and sensitivity to agonist

Question 11

What does a drop in nicotine in the body lead to?

Answer 11

Craving and withdrawal

Question 12

Puffs of cigarette ratio to binding

Answer 12

1-2 puffs binds 50% of the nAchR’s

Question 13

When do Ach receptors desensitise following stopping smoking?

Answer 13

Takes 6-12 weeks for them to desensitise and go back to original

Question 14

How fast is nicotine delivered to blood?

Answer 14

Within seconds - takes 10 minutes to hit peak

Question 15

What are the methods of smoking cessation which mimik the delivery of nicotine to blood fast?

Answer 15

Spray - gets there the fastest
Vaping
Gum/tablet/inhaler
Patch - provides more constant levels in blood

Question 16

Number needed to treat to save 1 life for smoking cessation

Answer 16

Treat 16-40 people to prevent 1 premature death

Question 17

What often promotes attempt to stop smoking? In order

Answer 17

Family/friend - most often
Health professional
Advert
Poster
Restrictions
Heath problem (least)

Question 18

What are the 3 A’s when consulting with someone about smoking?

Answer 18

ASK - ask and record status of smoking

Advise health benefits - stopping is the best thing you can do for you health

Act - act on their response, give info, refer, prescribe, NHS stop smoking services

Question 19

Vaping vs smoking

Answer 19

Cancer - exposure to carcinogens is significantly lower vaping

Respiratory disease - exposure to respiratory related toxicants is significantly lower

CV disease - exposure to CVD related toxicants is significantly lower

Question 20

Vaping vs no use

Answer 20

Cancer - exposure to carcinogens is similar or in some cases HIGHER

Respiratory disease - exposure to most respiratory related toxicants is similar

CVD - exposure to CVD related toxicants is similar

Question 21

Vaping vs no use

Answer 21

Cancer - exposure to carcinogens is similar or in some cases HIGHER

Respiratory disease - exposure to most respiratory related toxicants is similar

CVD - exposure to CVD related toxicants is similar

Question 22

Whats the verdict on vaping?

Answer 22

If you smoke - use vapes for as long as it takes to quit smoking and low risk of relapsing to smoking and then STOP

Vaping can be combined with sprays, gums etc to quit

If you smoke DONT vape

Vaping is much less harmful than smoking but not risk free

Question 23

Your chances of dying from a smoking related disease if you smoke?

Answer 23

1 in 2