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OCR A-LEVEL Biology > Module 3 Section 2 - Circulatory Systems > Flashcards

Module 3 Section 2 - Circulatory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

How do single celled organisms get substances they need

A

By diffusion through their outer membrane

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2
Q

Why is it hard for multicellular organisms to supply cells with the substances needed

A

-relatively big
-low surface area
-high metabolic demand

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3
Q

What do multicellular organisms have that supply every cell with what it needs

A

Transport systems

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4
Q

What is the transport system in mammals

A

The circulatory system - uses blood to carry substances such as glucose and oxygen around the body

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5
Q

What type of circulatory system does fish have

A

Single circulatory system

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6
Q

What type of circulatory system does mammals have

A

Double circulatory system

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7
Q

What is a single circulatory system

A

A circulatory system where blood only passes through the heart once for each complete circuit of the body

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8
Q

What is a double circulatory system

A

A circulatory system where the blood passes through the heart twice for each complete circuit of the body

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9
Q

What is the pathway of blood in fish

A

Heart - gill - rest of the body

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10
Q

In mammals the heart is divided….

A

Down the middle (left and right side of heart)

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11
Q

The right side of the heart pumps blood where

A

To the lung to pick up oxygen

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12
Q

Where does blood travel after picking up oxygen in the lungs

A

Travels to the left side of the heart which pumps it to the rest of the body

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13
Q

When blood returns to the heart which side does it enter

A

The right side

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14
Q

What type of blood does the right side of the heart handle

A

Deoxygenated blood

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15
Q

What type of blood does the left side of the heart handle

A

Oxygenated blood

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16
Q

What is the system called that sends blood to the lungs

A

Pulmonary systen

17
Q

What is the system called which send blood to the rest of the body

A

Systemic system

18
Q

Give an advantage of double circulatory system

A

Blood travels faster, so oxygen is delivered to the respiring tissues more quickly, this is because the heart can give an extra push between the lungs and rest of the body

19
Q

Circulatory systems can either be…

A

Open or closed

20
Q

What circulatory system do vertebrates have

A

Closed circulatory system

21
Q

What is a closed circulatory system

A

Where the blood is enclosed inside blood vessels

22
Q

What does the heart pump blood into

A

Arteries

23
Q

What do the arteries branch out to

A

Millions of capillaries

24
Q

What do substances like oxygen and glucose diffuse from

A

substances like oxygen and glucose diffuse from blood in capillaries into body cells - but the blood stays inside the blood vessels as it circulates

25
Q

What do veins do

A

Take blood back to the heart

26
Q

What circulatory system do some invertebrates have

A

An open circulatory system

27
Q

What is an open circulatory system

A

Blood isn’t enclosed in blood vessels all the time, instead it flows freely through the body cavity

28
Q

In open circulatory systems in invertebrates, the heart is said to be…

A

Segmented

29
Q

How does the segmented heart contract (in some invertebrates)

A

In a wave - starting from the back, pumping blood into a single main artery

30
Q

What does the artery open up into (in some invertebrates)

A

The body cavity

31
Q

How does the blood flow in the insects body (in some invertebrates)

A

The blood flows around the insects organs gradually making its way back into the heart segment through a series of valves

32
Q

What does the circulatory system in the insect’s cells supply (in some invertebrates)

A

Supplies the insect’s cells with nutrients and transports things like hormones. But not oxygen (transported by the tracheal system in insects)

OCR A-LEVEL Biology (48 decks)

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