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Toxicology > Heavy Metals > Flashcards

Heavy Metals Flashcards

1
Q

Lead poisoning

A

Plumbism/Saturnism

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2
Q

Sources of Lead

A

Canned goods, Automobile exhaust
Wine glasses, Old pipes, Cables
Paints, Jewelry, Toys

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3
Q

Acute poisoning of Lead

A

Acute abdominal colic and CNS changes

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4
Q

Chronic Toxicity of Lead

A

Peripheral neuropathy (Wrist drop)
Anorexia
Anemia
Weight Loss
Tremor

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5
Q

Treatment of Lead Poisoning

A

Mild: Oral succimer
Severe: EDTA (+ BAL for encephalitis)
Penicillamine

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6
Q

S/S of Pb poisoning

A

Pb encephalopathy
Hemolytic Anemia
Abdomical Colic
Elevated Liver Enzymes
Pb palsy - wrist/foot drop
Milky vomitus
Black stools
Fanconi-like syndrome ( proteinuria- hematuria)

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7
Q

Cadmium Toxicity

A

Itai-Itai Disease

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8
Q

Sources of Cadmium

A

Anti-dandruff Shampoos, Smoke & stink bamboos, solder (metal alloys)

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9
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Cd Poisoning

A

Osteomalacia, Fractures. Renal Abnormalities, Gait disturbances

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10
Q

Treatment for Cad Toxicity

A

EDTA + Glutathione

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11
Q

Mercury Poisoning

A

Minamata Disease - Consumption of fish

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12
Q

MOA of Mercury toxicity

A

Coagulation of protein by binding to -SH groups

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13
Q

S/S of Mercury Poisoning

A

Erethism - Behavioral changes
Acrodynia
Gingivitis

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14
Q

Treatment of Mercury poisoning

A

Acute: BAL, Unithiol, Succimer
Chronic: Na formaldehyde sulfoxylate

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15
Q

Arsenic

A

Lewisite Metal

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16
Q

Used of Arsenic

A

Chemical Warfare Agent
Manufacture of insecticides and glasswares

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17
Q

Choice of professional poisoners

A

Arsenic

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18
Q

MOA of Arsenic toxicity

A

Coagulation of protein by binding to -SH groups

19
Q

S/S of Arsenic Poisoning

A

Aldrich-Mee’s Line
Black line on gums
Garlic odor of breath
Luminous vomit
Alopecia
Hyperkeratosis

20
Q

Antidote of Arsenic Toxicity

A

BAL, Dimercaprol
(+ Penicillamine)

21
Q

Aluminum is __ most abundant element and _____ abundant element on EARTH

A

3rd most abundant element
Most abundant element on EARTH

22
Q

Uses of Aluminum

A

Astringent, Antacid

23
Q

Aluminum Poisoning

A

Aluminosis / Shaver’s Disease - Lung fibrosis

24
Q

Antidote for Aluminum Poisoning

A

Deferoxamine

25
Q

Zinc is used in

A

Galvanizing of Iron and container for battery cells

26
Q

Zinc Toxicity

A

Metal Fume Fever - inhalation of metals or fumes

27
Q

Zinc Deficiency

A

Parakeratosis

28
Q

Treatment

A

NSAIDs, Bed rest

29
Q

Iron is used for

A

Hemoglobin & myoglobin production

30
Q

Lethal Dose of Iron

A

Lethal Dose: 200-300mg/kg-

31
Q

Toxic Dose of Iron

A

> 600 mg/kg

32
Q

Stage 1 of Iron Poisoning

A

GI Phase
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, GI bleeding, hypotension

33
Q

Stage 2 of Iron Poisoning

A

Latent phase
clinical improvement seen 624 hours postingestion

33
Q

Stage 3 of Fe Poisoning

A

Metabolic and CV Phase
Metabolic acidosis, renal & hepatic failure, sepsis, pulmonary edema, coma

34
Q

Stage 4 and 5 of Iron Poisoning

A

Stage 4: Hepatic phase
Liver failure
Hypoglycemia

Stage 5: Delayed phase
Scarring of GI Tract
Bowel obstruction

34
Q

Antidote for Iron Poisoning

A

Deferoxamine, Deferoxime, Deferasirox

35
Q

Copper Toxicity

A

Copperiedus
Wilson’s Disease

36
Q

Copper sources

A

IUD
Copper cook wares

37
Q

Antidote for Copper Toxicity

A

Penicillamine

38
Q

Glucose tolerance Factor

A

Chromium

39
Q

Toxicity of Chromium

A

Acute (Ingestion)
GIT Corrosion
Organ damage
Fatal

Chronic (Inhalation/Skin Contact)
Resp tract infection
Lung cancer

40
Q

Manganese Toxicity

A

Manganism

41
Q

Antidote for Manganese poisoning

A

EDTA
p-amino-salicylic acid

42
Q

Thallium Poisoning Antidote

A

Prussian Blue / Ferric ferrocyanide

Toxicology (11 decks)

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