Newspapers

Question 1

Industries - daily mirror

Answer 1

• Daily Mirror is made by Reach PLC (most popular tabloid in the UK)
• Reach PLC produces 16 other newspapers and now diversified = helped them make more money and stay a success
• left wing
• Reach PLC is horizontally integrated (takes over daily express/star) Means they can share journalists & resources between their different titles/ brands.

Question 2

theorists

power and media industries Curran and Seaton

TIMES

Answer 2

• As the times is published by a vertically and horizontally integrated, diversified conglomerate. This gives it enormous power and resources

→** The Trinity Group have maintained their position in the UK market despite faling sales** of the Daily Mirror and other mainstream titles by diversifying into regional news.

Question 3

conventions of broadsheet

the times murdock

Answer 3

• Pubslisher -murdock is in support of the republicans party and conservative politics, might suggest his papers which could reflect his personal views.
• owned by News Corp - tries to be politcally neutral and abt politcal views - howver very conservative
• right wing
• serious tone/formal, known as quality affarirs

Question 4

Newspapers: Times and the daily mirror

Answer 4

As these newspapers are owned by stockholders, the companies have to protect their reputation, in order to protect the cost of their shares

Question 5

Who are the times and the daily mirror regulated by

Answer 5

IPSO - regulates what newspapers can and can’t do e.g. offensive language
LIVINGSTONE + LUNT
- Reach plc is facing increasing pressure to adhere to strict rules and regulations on industry practice.
- This pressure arose after the phone hacking scandal
- Poeple argue that due to NEWSCORP escaped convictions from the phone hacking scandal because they had such a large amount of power, influence and global connections
- There is an underlying issue of protecting citizens from harmful material while ensuring choice and press freedom.

Question 6

part of economic context

digital convergence - mirror

Answer 6

• The rise in online media made the newspaper have its greatest fall in sales.
• however online content on ‘mirror online’ & social media feeds .e.g. Facebook, podcasts abt sports allowed them to gain recognition.
• desired by audiences for interactivity
• technology: Has made the effective regulation of newspapers both easier/harder for differing reasons.

Question 7

daily mirrior

Cultivation theory - Gerbner

Answer 7

• repeated patterns of representation may shape/influence their view & opinions
• the daily mirror publishes stories about the royals which might cultivate the idea to the audience that it is really important topic to talk about.
• These views will be cultivated and reinforced by the newspaper and its content. The messages, such as that of the government being corrupt and elitist, need to resonate with an established belief in the audience of working-class left-wing men and women, such as that of Boris Johnson not being fit to govern.

Question 8

The times facts/ context

Answer 8

• Weekly subscription (£6)
• Predominantly male readership - aged 35
• Centre-right
• owned by news corp
• arising from 2016 brexit
• oldest/influential newspapers

Question 9

Things to consider in a representation question

Answer 9

Masthead
Colour pallete
Layout out and design
Lighting
Costume
Location/setting
Imagery
Aimed at a higher/lower social group
What is the focus
Stereotypes?
Values/attitudes

Question 10

conventions of tabliod

the daily mirror

Answer 10

-** informal languag**e - more entertaining, colloquial - reflects the readership
- the main splash may have inflammatory language
- close-up shots tend to show emotion - they usually illustrate a personalized reporting
- The copy is conventional of tabloids as shown through the use of simplistic, sensationalized language and images to appeal to target audienc

Question 11

Right wing papers

Answer 11

• Daily express
• The Times
• Daily Mail

Question 12

Leftwing papers

Answer 12

• The Guardian
• The Independent
• The Daily Mirror

Question 13

times - economic context

Answer 13

• DM: decline in sales = loose revenue
• daily mIrror gave all their content for free via tha app which means that they expect the venue to come via advertising.
• THE TIMES: abc1, wealthy = wealthy audience, premuium quality of the brand
• ## digital convergenece: times radio, jounralist, a way of promoting the branfs as a presigitious brand

Question 14

political context daily mirror

Answer 14

• This edition of the newspaper deals with the scandal surrounding allegations regarding parties and social gatherings held by the Conservative Party at a time when its leaders had enforced strict restrictions on the people of England that prohibited such gatherings.
• alleged that during the lockdown over the Christmas period in 2020

Question 15

DAILY MIRROR - Front page

Answer 15

• Masthead: ‘the daily mirror’ = feels like theyre giving the news back to us (like a mirror) = its in bold and recognisable red font. The typography chosen is strong.
• The slogan within the masthead ‘Heart of Britain’ suggests the role the newspaper has in society and that it cares about what is happening to the people of the UK.
• Image of the Queen: her clothing and jewels connotes her wealth and status, creates an escapist fanatsy for audience - who may dream for being as wealthy and as powerful as she is
• The layout and design are conventional of this style of newspaper,large images and small amount of text = reflects the loe literacy levels of readers
• The headline is brief and dramatic, typical of the paper’s style, and uses emotive language such as ‘Zero Shame’
• The image of Boris Johnson dominates the front page and anchors the headline – he appears unconcerned, defiant and unapologetic.
• The newspaper reinforces this viewpoint with the inclusion of the caption ‘I’M NOT GOING’ suggesting his failure to take responsibility for what has happened.
• The language used is emotive and reflects the values and attitudes of the newspaper and their political allegiance, referring to Boris Johnson as ‘shameless’.bias language, negative representation of Boris
• Play on words with ‘partygate’ is an intertextual reference to the watergate scasndal, where US present Nixon was investigated for corruption and crime

Question 16

double page spread - daily mirror

Answer 16

• images create more binary opposition between key workers and Boris Johnson, represents him as lazy, enjoying luxuries as opposed to saving lives
• it incorporates a range of different newspaper features including a letter, personal direct quotations, a cartoon, and large images, as well as the central story. It is relatively unusual to have all these features on the same page, suggesting the story’s importance
• The subheading, pull quote and Kier Starmer’s name are also in a red palette, connoting the political allegiance of the newspaper. = inclusive
• The central images are emotive and dramatic, juxtaposing the scene from the hospital ward with one of the prime minister smirking, looking furtive and holding a glass of wine. The selection of these particular images further reinforces the point that members of the government broke the rules while people were suffering.
• This tone is supported using direct quotations from ordinary people (who this newspaper represents) telling their own tragic Covid-19 stories. The pull quotes in this section, emphasised using large quotation marks,
  use language that conveys the feeling of the newspaper: ‘continues to lie,’, ‘a mockery’.
• The language used across the double page spread vilifies the government and their actions. (inclusive). represenst them as hard-working and heroic

Question 17

structuralism – Levi-Strauss - daily mirror

Answer 17

• There is a binary opposition between the government, Boris Johnson and ‘the people’ which feeds into the ‘us VS them’ ideology of ‘populism’.
• The newspaper pages use signs that are recognisable to audiences and connote meanings.

Question 18

Hall representation - daily mirror

Answer 18

• The Daily Mirror uses stereotypical representations of the prime minister and other members of the government to convey its left-wing agenda and to **raise awareness of inequalities in society. **
• This is particularly pertinent with this story through those in power have been seen to disobey the rules themselves set, whilst the ‘ordinary person’ conformed to the restrictions and suffered as a result. - makes amockeruof them
• The representation of the event and of those involved in it are constructed through the language of recognisable signs.

Question 19

Daily Mirror industry context:

Answer 19

• The Daily Mirror was first published in 1903 as a newspaper for women ‘to act as a mirror on feminine life’. However, the newspaper was quickly redesigned to appeal to a broader audience. Owned by the Reach plc = trinity mirror
• Recent technological change, in particular online media, has largely been responsible for the downturn in print sales; the Daily Mirror responded to this by launching ‘Mirror Online’ and establishing a presence on social media sites.
• Reach plc is the largest commercial, publisher in the UK. The group publishes more than 130 national and local media brands from the Daily Mirror, the Daily Record, the Daily Express

Question 20

How do newspaper producers target audiences?

Answer 20

• The choice and style of the main headline and central image = in attracts the reader
• For example, the headline ‘Thanks for Nothing’ and used emotive language and alliteration to make its views clear about the mini budget in March 2022.
• Other pages in the newspaper and on digital platforms will reinforce the ideology of the newspaper including the editorial ‘The Voice of the Mirror’, the letters pages and opinion pieces.
• The values, attitudes and beliefs of the newspaper and the way in which they represent particular stories will resonate with like-minded readers who may have chosen this newspaper because of its left-wing stance.
• Readers will be made to feel part of the newspaper’s community and that the stories and articles reflect their views. This audience will accept the preferred reading of the newspaper.

Question 21

product context - the times

Answer 21

• The Times can also be referred to as ‘broadsheets’, derived from their original larger size.
• The company also publishes the Sunday Times, the Sun, the Sun on Sunday.
• The Times adopts a right-wing allegiance and supports the Conservative party at key times, such as when there is a general election.
• The Times is famous for having a range of journalists with varied political viewpoints which allows the newspaper to offer a more neutral and balanced political stance on some issues.
• It is authoritative, credible, trusted and a part of the nation’s cultural heritage. A premium British brand, recognised the world over
• The set edition was published on February 1st, 2022 and focuses on the report into the investigation into parties held at Downing Street while the country was under lockdown restrictions.

Question 22

front page - the times

Answer 22

• The layout and design is conventional of broadsheet, quality newspaper, = text led rather than image led. The Times usually has an image, a main story, a secondary story and a plug.
• The masthead is bold and recognisable and effectively signifies the ideology of the paper,
• The lion and the crests. = This has remained unchanged by the newspaper which suggests that they intend to reinforce their longevity and traditional values
• The central image is a close-up photograph of Boris Johnson with an indirect mode of address. His code of expression shows some nervous of what is to come as he goes to the Commons. The newspaper has selected this photograph to suggest that he does have questions to answer, whilst not explicitly criticising him.

Question 23

times - structualism

Answer 23

• newspapers create meaning through the way in which they are structured. Their use of typical codes and conventions fulfil audience expectations and **appeal to loyal readers. **
• The Times demonstrates less explicit political allegiance compared to a tabloid publication and therefore may **offer more than one viewpoint on an issue. **

Question 24

End of Audience

SHIRKY

Answer 24

→ The conceptualisation of audience members as passive consumers is no longer tenable in the age of the internet with the rise of the prosumer who can create their own content such as submitting stories and being part of forums.