module 2 - 5.5 osmosis Flashcards

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1
Q

how is a solution formed?

A

solute dissolved in a solvent (always water) to form a solution

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2
Q

what is concentration?

A

amount of solute dissolved per unit volume of solvent

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3
Q

what is water potential?

A

pressure exerted by water molecules as they hit a container or membrane

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4
Q

what does water potential quantify?

A

quantifies the tendency of water to move from one area to another due to osmosis and hydrostatic pressure effects

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5
Q

what does it mean to quantify something?

A

give it numbers

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6
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure?

A

pressure of water

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7
Q

what is osmosis?

A

specific type of diffusion

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8
Q

why is osmosis a specific type of diffusion?

A

because it applies only to water molecules moving across a partially permeable membrane down a concentration gradient

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9
Q

what is osmosis explained in terms of?

A

water potential

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10
Q

what is the water potential of pure water?

A

0kPa

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11
Q

why is osmosis diffusion?

A

because it is the solvent molecules moving within solute molecules

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12
Q

how will the water move by osmosis?

A

from area of high WP to low WP through a partially permeable membrane until equilibrium has been reached

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13
Q

what leads to a hydrostatic pressure?

A

movement of water into cells causing the cell volume to increase

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14
Q

can animals increase/decrease in hydrostatic pressure?

A

no - they cannot increase nor decrease

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15
Q

what does it mean if cell if a cell is hypertonic?

A

a solution with a higher WP compared to the cell (cells shrivel)
- causes cells to be crenelated

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16
Q

what does it mean if a cell is isotonic?

A

a solution with the same WP as the cell (equal)
- causes equilibrium

17
Q

what does it mean if a cell is hypotonic?

A

a solution with a lower WP compared to the cell (cells burst)
- causes cytolysis

18
Q

why do cells go through cytolysis/ crenelation?

A

plasma membranes can’t stretch easily and have no mechanical strength to withstand hydrostatic pressure

19
Q

what are erythrocytes?

A

red blood cells

20
Q

which is more dense: red blood cells or plasma

A

plasma

21
Q

what happens when water enters a plant and increases the hydrostatic pressure?

A

the strong cellulose cell wall can withstand the pressure and the cell becomes turgid

22
Q

cells do not suffer from cytolysis, so what happens when they do not have enough water in them?

A

they become plasmolysed/ cell is hypertonic

23
Q

what happens to a cell when a cell has too much water in it?

A

cell becomes turgid/ cell is hypotonic

24
Q

what happens when water movement is in equilibrium in and out of a plant?

A

cell becomes flaccid/ cell is isotonic

25
Q

is there higher water potential in or out of cytoplasm in plants?

A

higher WP out of cytoplasm in plants

26
Q

what happens to plasma membrane when plant cell is flaccid/ isotonic?

A

plasma membrane ‘peels’ away from cell wall, contents no longer pushing against cell wall