ID List Chapter 21 - Ideologies and Upheavals Flashcards
1
Q
Congress of Vienna
A
- consisted of the Quadruple Alliance: Prussia, Russia, Austria, and Britain
- attempted to restore the balance of power and contain the danger of revolutionary or nationalistic upheavals
2
Q
Quadruple Assignment
A
- Consisted of Prussia, Russia, Austria, and Britain
3
Q
“Congress System”
A
- members of the Quadruple Alliance would meet periodically to discuss their common interests
- lasted all through the 19th century
- settled many international crises peacefully through diplomacy
4
Q
Prince Klemens von Metternich
A
- Austrian foreign minister
- dominated Great Power discussions at the Congress of Vienna
- defended the monarchical status quo
- the spokesperson for Conservatism
5
Q
Holy Alliance
A
- formed by the conservative rulers of Austria, Prussia, and Russia
- became a symbol of the repression of liberal and revolutionary movements throughout Europe
6
Q
Alexander I (r. 1801-1825)
A
- Tsar of Russia
- Spokesperson for Conservatism
- part of the Holy Alliance
7
Q
Karlsbad Decrees (1819)
A
- a set of repressive regulations
- designed to uphold Metternich’s conservatism
- required the German states to root out subversive ideas and squelch any liberal organizations
8
Q
Simon Bolivar (1783-1830)
A
- Leader for independence
- defeated Spanish forces in South America
- liberated Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
9
Q
Conservatism
A
- aka “reactionary conservatism”
- “Conserving the past and cultivating tradition would ensure an orderly future.”
- government intervention in the economy
- supported by the monarchy
- appealed to the nobility and upper classes
10
Q
Liberalism
A
- Enlightenment values of rationalization and freedom of the individual
- encouraged republics or constitutional monarchies
- wanted a secular state with free speech and free press
- Laissez- faire economics, anti-tarrifs
- appealed to the bourgeoisie and upper middle class
11
Q
Classical Liberalism
A
- a term given to the philosophy of John Locke and other 17th and 18th century advocates of the protection of individual rights and liberties by limiting government power
12
Q
Nationalism
A
- Term used to describe aspirations for national independence or unification
- Nationalists believed that true nations shared a common: history, language, enemy, culture, religion, and geographic area
13
Q
Socialism
A
- A backlash against the emergence of individualism and the fragmentation of industrial society
- created to appeal to the working class
- created as a response to the industrial capitalist system
- criticized the unequal distribution of property and means of production
- state regulation of production and property
- co-operation over competition
- Utopianism is a subtype of Socialism
14
Q
Count Henri de Saint-Simon (1760-1825)
A
- French Utopian Socialist
- the key to progress was proper social organization that required the “parasites” of the court to give way to the “doers”
- the “doers” would then carefully plan the economy and guide it forward by undertaking public works projects
- every social institution should have its main goal be improved conditions for the poor
15
Q
Charles Fourier (1772-1837)
A
- French Utopian Socialist
- called for the construction of mathematically precise, self-sufficient communities called “phalanxes”
- in each phalanx, all property is owned by the community and used for the common good
