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Critical Care FP-C > Gas Laws > Flashcards

Gas Laws Flashcards

1
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

Temp is constant
Pressure increases, volume decreases

P1V1=P2V2

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2
Q

What is sea level atmospheric pressure?

A

760 mmHg or 760 Torr.

Equal to 1 ATM

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3
Q

Every 33ft below sea level is how many ATM?

A

1 ATM more

0ft = 1 ATM
33ft = 2 ATM
66ft = 3 ATM

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4
Q

Barotitis Media

A

Pressure changes felt in your ears
Noticed on descent

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5
Q

Barosinusitis

A

Pressure in your sinuses

Noticed on ascent

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6
Q

Barobariatrauma

A

Acts like decompression sickness.
Nitrogen released from fat
Noticed more in morbidly obese patients

Noted on ascent

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7
Q

How to treat Barobariatrauma?

A

High flow O2

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8
Q

Barodentalgia

A

Pain in gums

Noted on ascent

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9
Q

Charles’s Law

A

Pressure is constant
Temp increases, volume increases

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10
Q

Every 1000 ft ascended how many degrees change?

A

2 degree Celsius drop

(International 150M increase; 1 degree C drop)

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11
Q

Gay-Lussac’s law

A

“Charles’s brother”

At a given mass and constant volume of gas, pressure exerted on the sides of the container is directly proportional to the absolute temp

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12
Q

Dalton’s law

A

The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of all the gases

P1+P2+P3 = P total

Note: even when the pressure of the gas changes, the proportion of the gases stays the same

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13
Q

Henry’s Law

A

The amount of gas dissolved in a soln is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution

Pearl of wisdom: if the partial pressure of the gas isntwice a high, then on avg twice as many molecules will hit the surface of the liquid, which is then captured in the solution, based on the gas’s solubility

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14
Q

Can these guys potentially be victorious?

A
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15
Q

Grahams law

A

Gases diffuse from a region of a higher concentration (pressure) to a lower concentration (pressure) until equilibrium is reached

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16
Q

What is flicker vertigo and when is it caused

A

Caused by sunlight passing thru the rotors

4 - 20 Hz

17
Q

What law is applied?

Changing the concentration of FiO2

A

Daltons law

18
Q

What law is applied?

Changing the surface area - Adding PEEP

A

Fick’s law

19
Q

What gas law is applied?

Placing gas under pressure - BVM or vent management

A

Henry’s law

20
Q

Fick’s law

A

the rate of diffusion of a gas across a permeable membrane is determined by the chemical nature of the membrane itself, the surface area of the membrane, the partial pressure gradient of the gas across the membrane, and the thickness of the membrane.

21
Q

What are the stressors of flight?

A

hypoxia
barometric pressure changes
thermal changes
decreased humidity
noise
vibrations
fatigue
gravitational forces

22
Q

What is the DEATH acronym?

A

Drugs
Exhaustion
Alcohol
Tobacco
Hypoglycemia

23
Q

What is the Indifferent Stage of Hypoxia?

A

Altitude at 0-10,000ft
spo2- 90-98%
decrease in night vision at 4,000ft
HR and RR increase
unaware of symptoms

NOTE: smokers lose 20% of their night vision at sea level. equal to an altitude of 5,000ft.

24
Q

What is the compensatory stage of hypoxia?

A

Altitude: 10,000 - 15,000 ft
SpO2: 80-90%
Advanced symptoms from stage I
Night Vision < 50%
CNS symptoms:
Poor judgement
irritable
drowsiness decreased coordination

25
Q

What is the disturbance stage of hypoxia?

A

Altitude: 20,000-25,000 ft
Spo2: 70-80%
Senses affected: vision, touch, pain, hearing
CNS: memory, judgement, reliability, understanding
Personality traits: happy drunk vs mean drunk
psychomotor fxn: coordination, flight control, speech, handwriting impacted
Signs: Hyperventilation, cyanosis

26
Q

What is the Critical Stage of hypoxia?

A

altitude: 20,000 - 25000 ft
Spo2: 60-70%
inability to remain upright
Jerking upper limb upright
seizures
rapid unconsciousness
coma and death

27
Q

what is the difference between rapid decompression and explosive decompression?

A

rapid decompression you have time to exhale. explosive you dont.

28
Q

How much will PaO2 decrease by with a 1000’ increase in altitude?

A

5 mmHg

29
Q

Equation to figure out new FiO2 at a different altitiude

A

(%FiO2 x P1)/P2 = new FiO2

P1= current barometric pressure
P2= new barometric pressure

Critical Care FP-C (17 decks)

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