Acid-Base Blitz Flashcards
Major points of the Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
second to second buffer
operates in the blood lungs and kidneys
Normal relationship in the body between HCO3- and carbonic acid is 20:1
NOTE: carbonic acid is volatile, does not like to stay in that form
Key points of the Resp buffering system
Min to min changes
Lungs can adjust the amount of carbonic acid by blowing off or holding onto CO2
Occurs via chemoreceptors in the midbrain
key points of the renal buffering system
hours to days for changes
kidneys can reabsorb or excrete HCO3- or H+ as needed
kidneys can also make new HCO3-
Normal range for pH
7.35-7.45
Normal range for PaCO2
35-45 mmHg
Normal range for HCO3-
22-26
Normal range for PaO2
80-100
Normal Range for BE
-2/+2
A mixed disturbance is suggested by
PaCO2 and HCO3- are moving in the SAME direction in terms of acidosis or alkalosis
greater than expected compensation.
For every 10 mmHg change in PaCO2, the pH will change _____ in the _____ direction
0.08; opposite
For every 10 mEq/L change in the HCO3-, the pH will change by __________ in th __________ direction
0.15; same
For every 0.10 change in the pH, the K+ will change by _____ in the ___ direction
0.6; opposite
What cation is intracellular?
Potassium (K)
What cation is extracellular?
Sodium (NA)
Causes of resp acidosis
hypoventilation
OD
Pulmonary edema
chest trauma
neuromuscular disease
COPD
