Approaches Flashcards
Behaviourist approach
Behaviour explained in terms of observing
Classical condition pavlova dog salivate
Operant conditioning negative reinforcement avoid unpleasant positive receiving reward
Evaluation of behaviourist
S- well controlled research in lab settings
S- RWA token economy system
L- deterministic all behaviour due to our reinforcement history
SLT
Through observation and imitation
Vicarious reinforcement- observing other being reinforced imitate
Attention retention motor reproduction motivation ARMM
identification associate w role model
Bobo doll observe
SLT evaluation
S- importance of cognitive factors more comprehensive than behaviourist
L- research lab studies demand charac
S- rw behaviour children imitate - understand gender develop
Cognitive
How mental processes affect behaviour cannot be observed measure indirectly
Schema beliefs that influence cog processing pack of info mental shortcut
Use computer models to understand internal processes
Neuroscience
Brain mapping fMRI bio structures that underpin cog processes
Cognitive evaluation
S-Uses objective scientific methods lab studies neuroscience
S- Rwa contribution to ai and robots and reliability of ewt
L- machine reductionist compare human mind with a computer ignores emotion anxiety on ewt
Biological
Importance of physical processes in body
Neurochemistry and neurotransmitters eg OCD
Twin studies genetics concordance rates
Genotype genetic make up
Phenotype way genes and environment are expressed
Evolution and natural selection
Biological evaluation
S= RWA development of drugs eg treatment of depression and ocd
S- scientific methods objective reliable
L- deterministic behaviour only governed by internal causes no control crime gene excuse for actions? Too simple
Psychodynamic
Conscious tip of iceberg
Unconscious biological drives repressed memories slip of the tongue access parapraxes
Preconcious can access if desired
Personality - id (pleasure principle bio drives) ego (reality reduce conflict of id and super) superego phallic stage
Psychosexual stages oral anal phallic latency genital
Psychodynamic evaluation
S- introduced idea of psychotherapy dream analysis basis to talking therapy
S- can be used to explain stages in gender development super ego gender identity and internalise father
L- popper - pseudoscience no scientific bases cannot prove based off subjective study
Humanistic
Free will
Maslow hierarchy of needs self actualisation at top primary goal can only progress when level is reached
SA - full potential personal growth
Rogers congruence concept of self and ideal self - develop counselling
Low self esteem lack of unconditional love provide this to client
Humanistic evaluation
S- not reductionist behaviourist machines biological basic processes- advocate holism consider the whole person consider in rw context
L- culturally bias eg hierarchy personal growth individualistic collect needs of group lack cross cultural application
S- lead to client centred therapy
