Canes, Crutches, Walkers/Delusion,Halucinations/Psychosis

Question 1

How do you measure the length of the crutch?

Answer 1

2-3 finger widths below the Anterior Axillary fold with the base of the crutch is lateral and slightly in front of the foot
NEVER us a landmark on the foot for measurement

Question 2

How low should the hand grips of the crutch be? What angle are the elbows at?

Answer 2

30 degrees

Question 3

How does a 2-point crutch gait walk?

Answer 3

1 crutch with the Opposite foot move forward together. 1 crutch+opposite leg move forward, then other crutch+opposite foot move
*2 things moving at same time 2, 2, 2, 2
*Mild Bilateral weakness

Question 4

How does a 3-point crutch gait walk?

Answer 4

2 crutched (Both) + Bad leg move forward together. Then good leg moves forward
3, 1, 3, 1 walking formation
Partial weight bearing

Question 5

How does a 4-point crutch gait walk?

Answer 5

Everything moves separately
1 crutch–>opposite foot–> 2nt crutch–> opposite foot
**1, 1, 1, 1
For severe Bilateral Weakneess

Question 6

How does a swing through crutch gait walk?

Answer 6

Effected leg never touched ground
**Non-weight bearing & Amputee

Question 7

When is a 2 point crutch gait used?

Answer 7

When weakness is EVENLY DISTRIBUTED on Both legs (even # of legs)
Mild Bilateral Weakness

Question 8

When is a 3 point crutch gait used?

Answer 8

Use when 1 leg is Effected (1=Odd number so 3)
**1 leg effected for–>
PARTIAL WEIGHT BEARING

Question 9

When is a 4 point crutch gait used?

Answer 9

Use when weakness is on both legs (even * of legs 2)
**Severe Bilateral Weakness

Question 10

When is a Swing Through crutch gait used?

Answer 10

Non-weight bearing
ex. amputee

Question 11

How do you go up the stair with crutches?

Answer 11

Good leg up step–> Crutches–> Bad Leg
**Up with the good, down with the Bad
-Crutches then followed by the bad leg

Question 12

How do you go down the stairs with crutches?

Answer 12

Crutches–> Bad legs–> Good leg
**Up with the good, down with the Bad
-Crutch then followed by by the bad leg

Question 13

What side is the cane held on strong or weak side?

Answer 13

Strong side

Question 14

How do you walk with a cane?

Answer 14

Cane(strong side)–> Opposite foot (weak side)–> strong side leg

Question 15

How do you use a walker?

Answer 15

Pick walker up–> set walker down–> walk forward to the walker (effected then strong leg)

Question 16

Where do you place tied stuff on a walker?

Answer 16

Place on the side of the walker Not the front

Question 17

What question should you ask yourself with any psych question?

Answer 17

Is my pt. non-psychotic or psychotic?

Question 18

What is a non-psychotic pt. like? (description)

Answer 18

Person has insight & is Reality Based
-They are emotionally, mentally, behaviorally ill, BUT they are NOT psychotic

Question 19

What kind of approach/techniques do you use for a non-psychotic pt.?

Answer 19

Treat them as any Med-surg, OB, normal pt. (nothing special)
*Good therapeutic communication, “Tell me more”

Question 20

What is a psychotic pt. like? (description)

Answer 20

No personal insight
Not reality based
-Do not believe they are sick, may blame others for their illness

Question 21

What are 3 characteristics a psychotic pt may have?

Answer 21

Delusions
Hallucinations
Illusions

Question 22

What are delusions?

Answer 22

False, Fixed (unchanging) idea or belief
(No sensory component just a thought)

Question 23

What are the 3 types of delusions?

Answer 23

Paranoid delusion: people out to harm them
Grandiose delusion: false belief that they are superior to others
Somatic delusions: false belief about a body part

Question 24

What are hallucinations?

Answer 24

False, fixed sensory experiences based on all 5 senses
-Auditory (most common)

Question 25

What are illusions?

Answer 25

Misinterpretations of reality, sensory experience
-There is a referent to reality (smothering a person refers when they say something)
there is actually something there

Question 26

How to deal with psychotic pt. find out what their problem is?
What are the 3 types of psychosis?

Answer 26

Functions: can still function in everyday life (Includes: Schizos, major depression, manic)
Dementia: No insight/reality due to actual brain damage
Delirium

Question 27

How do you answer non-psychotic questions?

Answer 27

Pick the best threptic communication response

Question 28

If a question has a psychotic pt. determine which of the 3 categories they fall under? What are the 3 categories of psychosis?

Answer 28

Functional
Dementia
Delirium

Question 29

What are the steps to teach functional psychotic pt. reality?

Answer 29

-pt. has potential to learn reality
1. Acknowledge feelings
2. Present reality
3. Set limits
4. Enforce limits (end conversation do not take away a privilege)

Question 30

What are the steps to care for a dementia psychotic pt.?

Answer 30

Pt. Cannot Learn reality
1. Acknowledge feelings
2. Redirect
-Can reorientate person, place time, but not reality

Question 31

What are the steps to care for a delirium psychotic pt.?

Answer 31

This is a temporary but sudden change in pt.
1. Remove underlying cause
2. Acknowledge feelings
3. Reassure

Question 32

Neologism?

Answer 32

make up words