Electrolytes

Question 1

Potassium
What saying to remember what potassium does?

Answer 1

kalemias do the same as the prefix except for HR & urine output
K+ =Heart effected

Question 2

S/S of Hyperkalemia

Answer 2

Brain: irritability, restlessness, agitation
Lungs: tachypnea
Heart: Bradycardia
Urine: oliguria
Bowel: diarrhea, borborygmi
Muscles: spasticity
Reflexes: +3, +4
-T waves passed & S wave elevated

Question 3

S/S of Hypokalemia

Answer 3

Brain: lethargy
Lungs: Bradypnea
Heart: Tachycardia
Urine: Polyuria
Bowel: constipation
Muscles: flaccidity
Reflexes: +1, +2
-Cushing’s (retain sodium & water=loss of potassium)

Question 4

Calcium
What saying to remember what Calcium does?

Answer 4

Calcemias do the Opposite as the prefix
Ca+ =muscles effected

Question 5

S/S of Hypercalcemia

Answer 5

Everything goes Down
Brain: Lethargy
Lungs: Bradypnea
Heart: Bradycardia
Urine: Oliguria
Bowel: Constipation
Muscles: Flaccidity
Reflexes: +1, +2

Question 6

S/S of Hypocalcemia

Answer 6

Everything speeds UP
Brain: Irritability, restlessness, agitation
Lungs: tachypnea
Heart: tachycardia
Urine: polyuria
Bowel: diarrhea
Muscles: spasms
Reflexes: +3, +4
-Chvostek sign: touch their CHEEK, spasm of the face
-Trousseau sign: bp cuff on then spasm of hand

Question 7

Magnesium
What is the saying to remember Magnesium?

Answer 7

Magnesium does the Opposite as the prefix
-In a tie DO NOT pick Magnesium, pick Ca over Mg

Question 8

S/S of Hypermagnesemia

Answer 8

Everything goes Down
Brain: Lethargy
Lungs: Bradypnea
Heart: Bradycardia
Urine: Oliguria
Bowel: Constipation
Muscles: Flaccidity
Reflexes: +1, +2

Question 9

S/S of Hypomagnesemia

Answer 9

Everything speeds UP
Brain: Irritability, restlessness, agitation
Lungs: tachypnea
Heart: tachycardia
Urine: polyuria
Bowel: diarrhea
Muscles: spasms
Reflexes: +3, +4

Question 10

HypErnatremia S/S

Answer 10

dEhydration (DKA, DI, HHNK)
S/S: Hot flush skin
-Give lots of fluids

Question 11

HypOnatremia S/S

Answer 11

fluid Overload (SIADH)
Tx. Give Lasix & Restrict Fluids

Question 12

What is the Earliest sign of any electrolyte disorder?

Answer 12

Numbness & Tingling–> Paresthesia
Circumoral parathesis= numbness/tingling of the lips

Question 13

What is the universal sing of any electrolyte disorder?

Answer 13

Muscle weakness Paresis

Question 14

What are the Rules for Tx. K+

Answer 14

1. NEVER give as IV push
2. NEVER more than 40 of K+ per liter of IV fluid
   -If more question and clarify w/ dr
   High K+ can stop heart

Question 15

How do you lower K+

Answer 15

1. D5W w/ regular Insulin
   –(temporary but fast)
2. Kayexalate “kay exits late”
   –(removes K but slow)