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MUST KNOWS > ONCOLOGIC DISORDERS > Flashcards

ONCOLOGIC DISORDERS Flashcards

1
Q

The three leading causes of cancer in US are:

A

IN MEN:
1. Lung
2. Prostate
3. Colorectal Area

IN WOMEN:
1. Breast
2. Lung
3. Colorectal Area

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2
Q

_____ and _____ are two examples of tumor-specific antigens in the altered cell membranes of malignant cells.

A
  1. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
  2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
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3
Q

The two key ways by which cancer is spread are the _____ and the _____.

A

Lymph and the Blood

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4
Q

About _____ % of all cancers are thought to be related to the environment.

A

75%

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5
Q

The single most lethal chemical carcinogen, accounting for 30% of all cancer deaths is:

A

Tobacco Smoking

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6
Q

_____, _____, and _____ are thre dietary substances (cruciferous vegetables) that appear to reduce cancer risk.

A

Cabbage, Broccoli, Cauliflower

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7
Q

_____, _____, _____, and _____ tend to increase the risk of cancer.

A

Fats, Alcohol, Salt-cured, Smoked meat

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8
Q

The two most side effects of chemotherapy are:

A

Nausea and Vomiting

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9
Q

Myelosuppression, caused by chemotherapeutic agents, results in _____, _____, _____, _____, and an increased risk of _____, and _____.

A

Leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia

Infection and Bleeding

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10
Q

Three chemotherapeutic agents that are particularly toxic to the renal system are:

A

Cisplatin, Methotrexate, Mitramycin

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11
Q

Name two examples of an inherited cancer susceptibility syndrome:

A
  1. Breast and ovarian cancer syndrome
  2. Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome
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12
Q

List seven cancers that are associated with an increased intake of alcohol:

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Pharnyx
  3. Larynx
  4. Esophagus
  5. Liver
  6. Colorectum
  7. Breast
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13
Q

Identify five substances produced by the immune system in response to cancer cells:

A
  1. B-lymphocytes
  2. Lymphokines
  3. Macrophages
  4. Natural Killer cells
  5. T-lymphocytes
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14
Q

Toxicity occurs with radiation therapy. List three SKIN common side effects:

A
  1. Alopecia
  2. Erythema
  3. Desaquamation
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15
Q

Toxicity occurs with radiation therapy. List four ORAL MUCOSAL MEMBRANE common side effects:

A
  1. Xerostamia
  2. Stomatitis
  3. Decreased salivation
  4. Loss of taste
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16
Q

Toxicity occurs with radiation therapy. List three STOMACH or COLON common side effects:

A
  1. Anorexia
  2. Nausea and Vomiting
  3. Diarrhea
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17
Q

Toxicity occurs with radiation therapy. List three BONE-MARROW PRODUCING SITES common side effects:

A
  1. Anemia
  2. Leukopenia
  3. Thrombocytopenia
18
Q

List nine signs that indicate that an exravasation of an infusion of a cancer chemotherapeutic agent has occured:

A
  1. Redness
  2. Pain
  3. Swelling
  4. Mottled appearance
  5. Phlebitis
  6. Loss of blood return
  7. Resistance to flow
  8. Tissue necrosis
  9. Damage to underlying tendons, nerves and blood vessels
19
Q

Growth of new capillaries from the host tissue:

A

Angiogenesis

20
Q

Innate process of programmed cell death:

A

Apoptosis

21
Q

The use of thermal energy to destroy cancer cells:

A

Radiofrequency Ablation

22
Q

Point at which blood counts are their lowest:

A

Nadir

23
Q

Target antibodies to destroy specific malignant cells:

A

Monoclonal Antibodies

24
Q

A substance that can cause tissue necrosis:

A

Vesicant

25
Q

A dry oral cavity caused by salivary gland dysfunction:

A

Xerostomia

26
Q

Substances produced by the immune system cells to enhance the function of the immune system:

A

Cytokines

27
Q

Cisplastin
Side effect: Bone marrow depression

A

Alkylating agent

28
Q

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)
Side effect: Nausea and Vomiting, Diarrhea

A

Antimetabolite

29
Q

Estrogens
S/E: masculunization, feminization

A

Hormonal Agent

30
Q

Thiotepa
S/E: bone marrow suppression

A

Alkylating agent

31
Q

Lomustine (CCNU)
S/E: delayed and cumulative myelosuppression

A

Nitrosourea

32
Q

Doxorubicin
S/E: bond marrow suppression

A

Antitumor Antibiotic

33
Q

Ifosfamide
S/E: nausea and vomiting, cystitis

A

Alkylating agent

34
Q

Methotrexate
S/E: proctitis, stomatitis, renal toxicity

A

Antimetabolite

35
Q

Vincristine (VCR)
S/E: neuropathies

A

Plant alkaloid/mitotic spindle

36
Q

Irinotecan
S/E: bone marrow suppression

A

Topoisomerase 1 inhibitors

37
Q

Asparaginase
S/E: hepatotoxicity

A

Miscellaneous agent

38
Q

Cells bear little resemblance to the normal cells of the tissue from which they arose:

A

Malignant

39
Q

Rate of growth is usually slow:

A

Benign

40
Q

Tumor tissue is encapsulated:

A

Benign

41
Q

Tumor spreads by way of blood and lymph channels to ther areas of the body:

A

Malignant

42
Q

Growth tends to recur when removed:

A

Malignant

MUST KNOWS (20 decks)

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