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Biology 🧬 > balanced diet 🍓 > Flashcards

balanced diet 🍓 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a balanced diet (and why is it important)?

A

A balanced diet means eating the right types of food in the right amounts. This provides your body with substances in the correct proportions to keep you healthy.

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2
Q

What food types are included in a balanced diet?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids (fats and oils)
  • Vitamins and minerals
  • Fibre
  • Water
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3
Q

What foods can carbohydrates be found in?

A

Pasta, rice, potato, sugary drinks.

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4
Q

What foods can protein be found in?

A

Fish, eggs, red meat, chicken, lentils.

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5
Q

What foods can lipids be found in?

A

Nuts, cheese, oils, avocado.

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6
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates in the body?

A

To provide energy.

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7
Q

What is the function of proteins in the body?

A

Growth and repair.

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8
Q

What is the function of lipids in the body?

A
  • To provide insulation
  • Protect organs from shock/damage.
  • Making cell membranes
  • Providing energy.
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9
Q

What are the health issues if someone was to eat too many carbohydrates?

A

Obesity and type 2 diabetes.

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10
Q

What are the health issues if someone was to eat to little proteins?

A

Lead to a disease called Kwashiorkor (can give you a pot belly).

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11
Q

What are the health issues if someone was to eat too many lipids?

A
  • Heart disease
  • Strokes
  • Obesity
  • Joint damage.
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12
Q

What is the function of fibre?

A

Fibre is needed to prevent constipation in the digestive system as it helps the movement of food.

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13
Q

What is water needed for?

A

Water is needed for cells to function.

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14
Q

What happens if you do not consume enough vitamins and minerals?

A

It may lead to deficiency health problems.

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15
Q

What foods can vitamin A be found in?

A

Green vegetables and dairy products.

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16
Q

What foods can vitamin C be found in?

A

Citrus fruit, strawberries, and sprouts.

17
Q

What foods can vitamin D be found in?

A

Fish liver oils, created from sunlight.

18
Q

What is the function of vitamin A in the body?

A

Makes a chemical which works in the eye to help us see in dim light.

19
Q

What is the function of vitamin C in the body?

A

Helps join cells together to make tissues.

20
Q

What is the function of vitamin D in the body?

A

Helps bones to absorb calcium.

21
Q

What foods can calcium be found in?

A

Dairy products.

22
Q

What foods can iron be found in?

A

Red meat and green leafy veg.

23
Q

What is the function of calcium in the body?

A

Strengthens bones and teeth.

24
Q

What is the function of iron in the body?

A

Iron is used to make haemoglobin (in red blood cells).

25
Q

What does a calcium deficiency lead to?

A

RICKETS.

26
Q

What does an iron deficiency lead to?

A

ANAEMIA

27
Q

What does a vitamin D deficiency lead to?

A

RICKETS.

28
Q

What does a vitamin A deficiency lead to?

A

NIGHT BLINDNESS.

29
Q

What does a vitamin C deficiency lead to?

A

SCURVY.

30
Q

What do athletes and pregnant women require more of and why?

A

They require a higher energy intake than the average person because they respire more.

31
Q

What vitamin and mineral are very important for children and why?

A

Calcium and Vitamin D because children are still growing and their bones are still developing.

32
Q

What do females require more of than males and why?

A

Females require more iron than males because they lose excess blood during menstruation.

33
Q

What piece of equipment improves the accuracy of the energy value and why? (3 reasons)

A

A calorimeter. It supplies:
- oxygen to help burning
- has stirrers to distribute the heat (more accurate temperature reading).
- is enclosed and insulated to prevent heat loss.

34
Q

What is the formula for measuring the energy content in food?

A

Energy released from food per gram (J) = (mass of water (g) x temperature rise (‘C) x 4.2) ÷ mass of food sample (g).

35
Q

What is the procedure you have to do when measuring the energy content in food?

A
  • Measure the mass of the object.
  • Burn it completely, using heat energy (ie. from a bunsen burner) to heat a known volume of water in a boiling tube.
  • Measure the increase in temperature of the water.
  • Apply the formula:
    Energy released from food per gram (J) = (mass of water (g) x temperature rise (‘C) x 4.2) ÷ mass of food sample (g).
36
Q

What is the function of dietary fibre?

A
  • Helps your digestive system to process food.
  • Makes you feel fuller for longer so it controls your appetite.
37
Q

What are some examples of food with dietary fibre?

A

Plant based foods and bran, brown rice, lentils, oats, wholewheat/wholegrain.

38
Q

Energy is essential for life. What body processes can it fuel?

A
  • Maintaining body temperature
  • Heart beating
  • Muscle contraction
  • Growth
  • Organ functioning.
39
Q

What determines the amount of energy needed by an individual?

A

Age, gender, body size, and physical activity levels.

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