chapter 7

Question 1

diocletian

Answer 1

• Emperor Diocletian took over a crumbling empire in 284 AD after a series of poor emperors
• divided the empire up to make it easier to manage with two emperors and two junior emperors
• This didn’t last as the empire was back to civil war after his death

Question 2

byzantium

Answer 2

-eastern roman empire ruled by Constantinople after split (later called the byzantine empire)
-greek but thought of themselves as roman
-an ancient Greek colony founded by a man named Byzas
-Located on the European side of the Bosporus

Question 3

indo-european

Answer 3

-language family attached to ancient people group
-indo european languages spoken in americas, europe and asia
-descended from latin

Question 4

julius caesar

Answer 4

-led roman armies
-became dictator
-transformed rome from a republic to an empire
-ally/relationship with cleopatra

Question 5

silk worm

Answer 5

-silk involves silkworm cacoons
-china kept this process a secret
-women were in charge of harvesting silk
-provided a lot of tax money for han empire

Question 6

christianity

Answer 6

-religions like Buddhism and Christianity were spread along the silk road routes
- Christianity wanted converts and was often at odds with Rome until it was legalized
-Christianity- the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.
-constantine legalized christianity
-rome didnt force religion on conquered people

Question 7

pax romana

Answer 7

• the time of augustus’s rule and peace and prosperity
  -roughly 200-year-long timespan of Roman history which is identified as a period and as a golden age of increased as well as sustained Roman imperialism, relative peace, and order

Question 8

augustus/octavian

Answer 8

-* took the title “princeps” which means first
-developed laws that punished women who did not provide children in an attempt to push the idea of moral Roman family
- also known as Octavian
- the first Roman emperor; -reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14
-*initiated pax romana
-considered one of the greatest leaders in human history

Question 9

cleopatra

Answer 9

-last active ruler of egypt
-allied with caesar during civil war

Question 10

celtic

Answer 10

-branch of indo-european
-found in north-western europe
-celtic territories became part of the roman empire
-relating to the celts

Question 11

cohesian

Answer 11

-when rome separated into east and west (few land connections)
why do empires collapse? : Other times the empire no longer has cohesion (the people groups are just too dissimilar)

Question 12

constantinople

Answer 12

-capital of eastern roman empire
-constantine won civil war after death of diocletian and create capital (constantinople)

Question 13

linguist

Answer 13

-person skilled in foreign languages
-rome technical in their linguistics
-latin official language

Question 14

caucusus

Answer 14

-region between black sea and caspian sea
-the earliest speakers of indo-european language originally lived around Ukraine and neighbouring regions in the Caucasus

Question 15

princeps

Answer 15

• Augustus took the title “princeps” which means first and took sole authority of the Roman Empire.

Question 16

attila the hun

Answer 16

• ruler of the huns
  -Rome would be cut off from the North African grain supply by the Vandals and Germanic tribes entered Italy while hoping to flee Attila the Hun

Question 17

plague

Answer 17

-one reason why empires fall
-the antonine plague
effects of the exchange: In the 100s AD, the plague killed 10 percent of the Roman population and historians believed t originated in China

Question 18

tiber

Answer 18

• Rome itself was founded along the Tiber River in a place that was easily crossable with the defensible hills.
• a river in central Italy, rising in the Tuscan Apennines and flowing south through Rome to the Tyrrhenian Sea.

Question 19

germany

Answer 19

• In 476 AD Germanic tribes invaded Rome
• Wars with the Germans and other people groups had crippled the Western Roman Empire
  -germans thought they were being mistreated for not getting citezenship

Question 20

rome location

Answer 20

• on the tiber river in the center of italy

Question 21

republic

Answer 21

-second period of rome (very successful )
-aristocracy ran republic

Question 22

greek influence

Answer 22

-Roman religion was based on the greek gods, although the Romans brought in many other gods from other societies
- influenced architecture and religion

Question 23

division of rome

Answer 23

-after diocletians rule, he separated empire in to eastern and western
-western portion fell because of germanic invasion
-eastern collapsed in late 400 ad

Question 24

rome trade

Answer 24

-spices and silk flowed west
-metal, glass, and weapons went east
-Romans wanted luxury items (silk )

Question 25

religion spread

Answer 25

-at first rome was polytheistic
-Christianity was spread along the silk road routes and during pax romana
- constantine legalized christianity

Question 26

causes of falling empires

Answer 26

• Many factors generally contribute to an empires fall
• Sometimes empires become too costly to run efficiently
• Other times the empire no longer has cohesion (the people groups are just too dissimilar)
• As groups become independent, part of the tax base leaves
• Wealthy elites could become corrupt and selfish and no longer care about what is best for society
• Both factors worked in tandem with each other
• Fluctuation of the population often contributed as well
• A fact increases or decreases in peasantry was damaging

Question 27

size of roman empire

Answer 27

• The Roman Empire spanned 3 continents and it’s thought some 60 million people lived within its borders
  -1/3 population was slaves

Question 28

democracy

Answer 28

rome’s wealthiest families, the patricians, held power

Question 29

han dynasty

Answer 29

• Merchants linked Rome to the Chinese Han empire, often trading silk along what would be known as the Silk Road
• production and sale of silk provided a lot of money in taxes for the Han Empire
• Both Rome and Han China fell for similar reasons
• The Chinese Han empire was fighting the nomadic Xiongnu

Question 30

empire

Answer 30

-when augustus proclaimed himself emporer
-post republican period

Question 31

fall of rome (written response)

Answer 31

COULD NOT MAINTAIN SIZE
- The Roman Empire spanned 3 continents and it’s thought some 60 million people lived within its borders
- After 117 AD, the empire slowly started to decline.
- It was difficult to keep the extent of its bordered as the Parthinas and Germanic tribes moved into Roman Territory
INTERNAL ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL STRUGGLES(kept falling and being revived)
- Emperor Diocletian took over a crumbling empire in 284 AD after a series of poor emperors (so it began to crumble before but it was revived )
- Diocletian divided the empire up to make it easier to manage with two emperors and two junior emperors
- This didn’t last as the empire was back to civil war after his death
- Constantine would win the civil war and create a new capital at Constantinople in modern turkey
- Matters would not get better though as there were often child emperors guided by generals made decisions and trade networks fall apart
EXTERNAL ATTACKS LEADING TO FINAL COLLAPSE
- Rome would be cut off from the North African grain supple by the Vandals and Germanic tribes entered Italy while hoping to flee Attila the Hun
- The western half of the roman empire would then fall in the late 400s AD

Question 32

effects of silk road (written response)

Answer 32

• The production and sale of silk provided a lot of money in taxes for the Han Empire
• Other valuable items like spices and slaves were also traded along the same routes.
• Cultural ideas also passed through trade
• Disease also easily spread through the trade routes vv
• the plague killed 10 percent of the Roman population and historians believed t originated in China
• Religions like Buddhism and Christianity were spread along the routes