Terminology of ID

Question 1

Person or animal that harbors the infectious agent/disease and can transmit it to others but does not demonstrate signs of the disease. [COVID-19]

Answer 1

Carrier

Question 2

Exposure to a source of an infection; a person who has been exposed. Contact does not imply infection; it implies possibility of infection [STI’s]

Answer 2

Contact

Question 3

Capable of being transmitted from person to person by contact or proximity. Does not need or utilize a vector. [Tuberculosis]

Answer 3

Contagious

Question 4

An organism that harbors a parasitic, mutualistic, or comemensalist guest. The host is the house & the parasite is the freeloader. [Human]

Answer 4

Host

Question 5

An organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food from or at the expense of its host. Three main classes of human parasites that protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites. [scabies mite]

Answer 5

Parasite

Question 6

Inbiology, apathogen(Greek:pathos”suffering”, and genēs”producer of”). In ID, an infectious agent or organism that can producedisease.

Answer 6

Pathogen

Question 7

Invasion of the body tissues of a host by an infectious agent, regardless if it causes disease or not. [Ebola or Influenza]

Answer 7

Infection

Question 8

A pathway into the host that gives an agent access to tissue that will allow it to multiply or act. [Respiratory tract, open wound, etc.]

Answer 8

Portal of entry

Question 9

A populationof organisms or the specific environment in which an infectious pathogennaturally lives and reproduces; usually a livinghostof a certain species. [Reservoir is a living creature – ex: Anthrax & herbivores]

Answer 9

Reservoir

Question 10

A pathogen that is transmissible from non-human animals (typically vertebrates) to humans. [Swine Flu, bird flu, turtle flu]

Answer 10

Zoonosis

Question 11

An increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area. [U.S.]

Answer 11

Epidemic

Question 12

Carries the same definition of epidemic but is often used for a more limited geographic area. [Mississippi]

Answer 12

Outbreak

Question 13

The constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population [Malaria in sub-Saharan Africa]

Answer 13

Endemic

Question 14

An epidemic occurring over a widespread area (multiple countries or continents) and usually affecting a substantial proportion of the population.

Answer 14

Pandemic

Question 15

Any of a group of viruses that are transmitted between hosts by mosquitoes, ticks, and other arthropods. [Malaria, Dengue WNV, Lyme, RMSF]

Answer 15

Arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus)

Question 16

Resistance developed in response to an antigen (pathogen or vaccine) characterized by the presence of antibody produced by the host. [JEV]

Answer 16

Immunity, active

Question 17

When a majority of a given group is resistant/immune to a pathogen This confers protection to unvaccinated or susceptible individuals/group by reducing the likelihood of infection or spread. [Measles]

Answer 17

Immunity, herd

Question 18

Transfer of activehumoral immunityof ready-madeantibodies produced by another host or synthesized. used when there is a high risk of infection & insufficient time for the body to develop its own immune response. Short Term! [Rabies IG, Tetanus IG, Crofab (Rattlesnake antivenin)]

Answer 18

Immunity, passive

Question 19

Describes any illness, impairment, degradation of health, chronic, or age-related disease. ↑ morbidity = ↓ lifespan & ↑ mortality when infected with any pathogen.

Answer 19

Morbidity

Question 20

Time interval from a person being infected to the onset of symptoms of an infectious disease. [Influenza = 1-4 days]

Answer 20

Incubation period

Question 21

Time interval from a person being infected to the time of infectiousness of an infectious disease. [TB is where latency period important]

Answer 21

Latency period

Question 22

An infection that is nearly or completely asymptomatic. A sub-clinically infected person is anasymptomatic carrierof the infection. [HIV/AIDS]

Answer 22

Subclinical Infection

Question 23

A combination of symptoms characteristic of a disease or health condition; sometimes refers to a health condition without a clear cause. Greek for “concurrence.” [Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome]

Answer 23

Syndrome

Question 24

Measure of death in a defined population during a specified time interval, from a defined cause.

Answer 24

Mortality rate

Question 25

Transmission occurs between an infected person and a susceptible person via direct physical contact with blood or body fluids.

Answer 25

Direct contact (infection)

Question 26

Transmission occurs when there is no direct human-to-human contact.
Contact occurs from:
Person -> contaminated surface/object -> person
Person -> vector (mosquitoes, flies/mites/fleas/tick/rodent/dogs) -> person

Answer 26

Indirect contact (infection)

Question 27

often indicate the onset of adiseasebefore more diagnostically specific signs and symptoms develop.

Answer 27

Prodrome