Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infectious Disease > Dengue Fever > Flashcards

Dengue Fever Flashcards

1
Q

Subtypes of Dengue Fever

A

DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4 serotypes; Therefore, possible to be infected four times.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Common name for Dengue Fever

A
  • Breakbone fever
  • Saddleback Fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is Dengue Fever prevalent

A
  • Endemic in tropics & subtropics & >100 countries worldwide+ Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, US-affiliated Pacific Islands.
  • Outbreaks occurred in FL/HI/TX.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Predisposing factors for Dengue Fever

A
  • Urban environments
  • outdoor activities during spring & summer
  • mosquito bites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is Dengue trasnmitted

A
  • Aedes aegypti mosquito
  • Mother to Child
  • Blood transfusion/organ donation (rarely).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Can Dengue fever be prevented by vaccination

A

Yes, but only given to previously infected sero-confirmed individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What percentage of patients with Dengue are asymptomatic

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What percentage of patients with dengue present with mild to moderate, nonspecific, acute febrile illness, characterized by fatigue & malaise.

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What percentage of people infected with dengue progress to threatening severe dengue

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 phases of Dengue

A

Febrile
Critical
Convalescent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which phase of Dengue Fever:
- Typically lasts 2–7 days and can be biphasic.
- Severe headache; retroorbital pain; muscle, joint, and bone pain; & macular or maculopapular rash.
- Minor hemorrhagic manifestations, including petechiae, ecchymosis, purpura, epistaxis, bleeding gums, hematuria, or a positive tourniquet test result.

A

Febrile Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which phase of Dengue Fever:
- Begins at defervescence and typically lasts 24–48 hours.
- Most patients clinically improve during this phase and move on to recovery & convalescence stage.
- Those with substantial plasma leakage develop severe dengue as a result of a marked increase in vascular permeability.

A

Critical Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Critical phase of dengue can develop into what kinds of dengue?

A
  • Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
  • Severe Dengue Fever
  • Dengue Shock Syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

During the critical phase of dengue, hypotension develops, systolic blood pressure rapidly declines, and irreversible shock and death may ensue despite resuscitation efforts

A

Dengue Shock Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

During the critical phase of dengue, plasma leakage is a cardinal feature of what kind of Dengue Fever

A

Dengue Hemorrhagic fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which phase of Dengue Fever:
- Plasma leakage subsides
- Patient begins to reabsorb extravasated intravenous fluids, pleural, & abdominal effusions.
- Patient continues to improve, hemodynamic status stabilizes and diuresis ensues.
- Patient’s hematocrit stabilizes or may fall because of the dilutional effect of the reabsorbed fluid, and the white cell count usually starts to rise, followed by a recovery of platelet count.
- Convalescent-phase rash may desquamate and be pruritic.

A

Convalescent Phase - Recovery Stage

17
Q

What are 2 hall marks of severe dengue

A
  • Infection-induced capillary permeability (leaky capillaries)
  • Disordered/diminishedblood clotting.
18
Q

What causes leaky capillaries and disordered/diminished blood clotting in dengue

A
  • Leaky capillaries (in the critical phase) occurring secondary to an immune system response to the virus.
  • Dengue-infected cells becomenecrotic, and then affect both coagulation (blood clotting) andfibrinolysis(breakdown of clots)
  • Low platelet count degrades the normal clotting response.
19
Q

Why would you do the TQ test?

A
  • General determination of a patients’ capillary fragility or hemorrhagic tendency.
  • Fairly effective test used to further justify a presumptive Dengue Diagnosis without the ability or access to confirmatory laboratory testing.
20
Q

Describe the TQ test for dengue

A
  • Obtain baseline BP & annotate the readings. Then, let the arm a rest for 90-120 seconds.
  • Attach BP cuff, and inflate to a point midway between the Systolic & Diastolic pressures obtained at baseline.
    Example: Baseline BP was 120/80; cuff will be inflated to 100 mmHg
  • Keep inflated cuff on arm for 5 minutes, then deflate & wait 2 min.
  • Count petechiae below AC fossa.
  • A positive test is 10 or more petechiae per 1 square inch.
21
Q

Dx criteria for dengue fever

A
  • Diagnosis can be made via clinical approach. Should consider dengue in a patient who was in an endemic area within 2 weeks of symptom onset.
  • Laboratory confirmation can be made directly from a single acute phase serum specimen of viral components obtained early (≤7 days after fever onset)
  • Later in the illness (≥4 days after fever onset), IgM against dengue virus can be detected with ELISA.
22
Q

Treatment of dengue

A
  • Ensure patient stays well hydrated and avoid aspirin, aspirin-containing drugs, and NSAIDS because of their anticoagulant properties.
  • Invasive medical procedures such as NG intubation,intramuscular injectionsand arterial punctures are avoided due to bleeding risk
  • Fever should be controlled with acetaminophen (Max 4g in 24 hrs.)
  • Febrile patients should avoid mosquito bites to reduce risk of further transmission.
23
Q

Antiviral treatment for dengue

A

none :(

24
Q

Severe dengue treatment

A
  • Typically requires ICU-level monitoring & blood products.
  • Maintenance of the patient’s body fluid volume is critical for severe dengue care
25
Q

Prevention of Dengue Fever

A
  • No prophylaxis is available to prevent dengue.
  • Risk increases with duration of travel and disease incidence in the travel destination (such as during the rainy season and during epidemics).
  • Travelers going toareas with risk of dengueshould take steps toavoid mosquito bites.
26
Q

Disposition of dengue

A
  • MEDEVAC – Med advice on further management while awaiting MEDEVAC.
  • Patients presenting with signs/symptoms (S/S) of even mild dengue should be evacuated to definitive medical care facility as soon as possible.

Infectious Disease (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions