Flashcards in 12.7: Mycology II Deck (37)
1
Structure of cryptococcosis?
- ROUND yeast with polysaccharide capsule
- Associated with pigeon droppings and soil
2
What to think of when you hear pigeon droppings?
Cryptococcosis
3
What is only yeast with polysaccharide capsule?
Cryptococcosis
4
2 Varieties of cryptococcosis and where are they endemic?
1. Neoformans: pigeon guano, global
2. Gatii: SW, PNW, mexico
5
Who is most at risk for cryptococcosis?
Aids patients make up 50% of victims
6
Pathogenesis of cryptococcosis?
- Inhale into lungs
- Pulmonary infection is usually asymptomatic a
- Likes to spread from lungs to CNS through blood causing disease w/o showing pulm symptoms
- Causes meningitis in CNS
7
What is required for clearing cryptococcosis?
- T cells
- Recovery associated with humoral immunity
8
Clinical presentation of cryptococcosis?
1. Meningitis: cranial nerve abnormalities
2. Headache
3. Nausea
4. Gait abnormalities
5. Irritability
6. Dementia
7. Raised skin lesions
***Lead to coma and death if not treated
9
How to test for cryptococcosis?
- Cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination
- Rapid test of CSF or blood
- Indian ink preparation also works
10
What does silver stain work well on?
Fungus, yeast, mold
11
What are dimorphic fungi?
- Grow as yeast at 35 degrees: in our bodies
- Grow as mold at 25 degrees
12
Which are the dimorphic fungi?
1. Histoplasma capsulatum
2. Blastomyces dermatitidis
3. Coccidioides immitis
4. Sporothrix schenckii "Sporotrichosis"
13
Reservoir of Histoplasma?
- Bat caves and chicken coops
14
Endemic area of Histoplasma?
Ohio and Mississippi river valley
15
Symptoms of Histoplasma?
- Pulmonary infiltrate and lymphadenopathy that can progress to cavitating lesion
- TB like symptoms
- Febrile illness
16
Hallmark of Histoplasma Capsulatum?
- Organism can grow inside macrophages then spread to liver spleen and marrow
17
How is Histoplasmosis tested for?
Positive urine antigen test
18
Which fungi grows and multiples in macrophages?
Histoplasmosis
19
What is Chicago disease?
Blastomycosis
20
Where is Blastomycosis endemic?
- Central US, primarily Chicago: cities that are on waterways
- Increase during rain and when rivers overflow: late fall after a wet summer
21
Clinical manifestation of Blastomycosis?
Pneumonia like
1. Fever
2. Chest pain
3. Cough w/ sputum
4. Lytic bone lesions
5. DIsseminated disease
6. Skin lesions
22
What are "Broad based budding yeast"?
Blastomycosis
23
Appearance of Blastomycosis?
Broad based budding yeast on KOH
24
Other names for Coccidioidomycosis?
"San Joaquin Valley Fever" "Desert Rheumatism"
25
Other names for "San Joaquin Valley Fever" "Desert Rheumatism"?
Coccidioidomycosis
26
Characteristics of Coccidioidomycosis?
- Restricted to desert SWUS
- Not transmitted person to person: inhale spores from dust
27
Pathogenesis of Coccidioidomycosis?
- Inhaled arthroconidia bypassing upper airway
- Convert to spherule full of endospores in lungs
- Spherules bust and endospores spread
28
Presentation of Coccidioidomycosis?
1. Erythema Nodosum: rash commonly seen in white women
29
Lab test for Coccidioidomycosis?
- Blood or skin test, no urine test
30
What are spherules filled with endospores indicative of?
Coccidioidomycosis
31
What is alternating barrel shaped arthroconidia indicative of?
Coccidioidomycosis
32
What is Subcutaneous mycoses?
Fungal infection of skin and underlying tissue by fungi without systemic spread
33
Two types of Subcutaneous mycoses?
1. Sporotrichosis
2. Chromoblastomycosis
34
What is associated with pricking self on rose thorn in garden?
Sporotrichosis
35
Presentation of Sporotrichosis?
- Papular skin lesions that enlarge and ulcerate
- Firm nodules along lymphatics
- Ulcers
36
What is cigar or daisy like shape indicative of?
Sporotrichosis
37