Chapter 3: Culture and Emotion

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

systems of meaning, which are activated and constructed by social participation; this in turn shapes the psychological processes of an individual, who participates in this social sphere

Question 2

Psychological Model, with arrows

Answer 2

Core cultural ideas
↓
Practices and Institutions
Cultural products
Daily interactions
↓
Psychological processes

Question 3

Words with no English Equivalent

Answer 3

Litost
Schadenfreude
Liget
Amae
Jodo
Semteende

Question 4

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (Strong)

Answer 4

those without the language for an emotion cannot feel that emotion

Question 5

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (Weak)

Answer 5

those without the language for an emotion may find it harder to understand the emotion, describe it, or recognise it outside of the cultural/linguistic barriers of their language

Question 6

Hypercognise

Answer 6

to make many words to describe the nuances between a root (like anger, for example)

Question 7

Hypocognise

Answer 7

to have very little or no words surrounding a concept that does not have social importance

Question 8

Cultural Aspects with Differences in Emotion (3)

Answer 8

Individualism vs Collectivism
Vertical vs Horizontal
Linear vs Dialectical Epistemology

Question 9

Linear Epistemology

Answer 9

Western, focuses on what doesn’t change/what is “true”

Question 10

Dialectical Epistemplogy

Answer 10

“Eastern,” focuses on a changing world, true knowledge is knowing that the world is impermanent

Question 11

Culture of Honor

Answer 11

where pride, toughness, strength, personal integrity are emphasised

Question 12

Ekman’s Neurocultural Theory of Emotion

Answer 12

there are universal face programmes and prototypical behaviour that can be overridden by cultures/societies with enough of a habit

Question 13

Russell’s Emotional Episodes as Socially Constructed Scripts

Answer 13

perceived antecedents will be interpreted differently by different cultures because they’ve created a script

Question 14

Keltner and Haidt’s Levels of Analysis

Answer 14

Intraindividual (indiv survival), dyadic (mutual relationship with benefits), small groups, and functional for cultures

Question 15

How Do Cultural Theories of Emotions Agree

Answer 15

• emotional experiences + physiological changes happen across cultures
• Appraisals make some emotions/actions more likely than others across culture
• Behaviour is under control, so actions are influenced by culture