Chapter 5: Emotional Expressions of Face, Posture, and Voice

Question 1

Basic/Discrete Model and Emotional Expression

Answer 1

though humans may fake or learn otherwise, there is an automatic expression of emotions that is inherently universal

Question 2

Component Processing Model and emotion

Answer 2

nature’s code for emotional expression is based on more specific aspects of emotional appraisal

Question 3

Psychological Construction Theories

Answer 3

expressions communicate the valence of emotion across cultures, but other aspects are more likely to be learned socially and vary from person to person

Question 4

Darwin?

Answer 4

He’s on the beagle, and asked people to confirm different emotional expressions

Question 5

Tomkins’s Plan in the 60s

Answer 5

get Ekman and Izard to do experiments to test whether prototypical expressions are understood/made by other cultures; yes they areee

Question 6

Russell’s Criticism of Ekman’s Study

Answer 6

could’ve used process of elimination; used very staged/strong displays of emotion that aren’t visible every day; expressions weren’t realistic (not looking to the side, body still, etc)

Question 7

Free Labelling

Answer 7

showing a picture of an emotion and letting the patient label it without a word bank

Question 8

Display Rules

Answer 8

what is allowed to be expressed outwardly as deemed appropriate by a culture or situation

Question 9

Matsumoto

Answer 9

victory picture guy! collectivist cultures tended to mask their expressions, though their initial reactions to loss/win were the same, within a few miliseconds

Question 10

Duchenne Smile

Answer 10

typical “happy” expression, teeth out, grinning, eyes crinkling at the sides

Question 11

Campo’s Study

Answer 11

produce “x” emotion; the participants reliably did so!

Question 12

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Answer 12

facial expressions help create the sense of the emotion that they’re expressing; inability to mimix expressions seems to effect one’s perception of their own emotions

Question 13

Conceptual Replication

Answer 13

figure out the same theoretical principle of a study without following the exact procedures of another

Question 14

Direct Replication

Answer 14

does exactly what another study did to replicate results

Question 15

Emotional Labour

Answer 15

used in display rules, and can be stressful; mainly based on the idea of flight attendants (stewardesses)