5- Introduction to fluid therapy

Question 1

Define hypovolemia

Answer 1

A decreased volume of circulating blood in the body - water and salt loss

Question 2

Define dehydration

Answer 2

Loss of body water (2/3 ICF & 1/3 ECF) - just water

Question 3

Over how many hours should you replace hypovolemic deficits?

Answer 3

6-8 hours

Question 4

Over how many hours should you replace dehydration defects?

Answer 4

12-24 hours - need to diffuse from intravascular space

Question 5

Describe 5-7% fluid deficit signs

Answer 5

Mild depression
Slightly prolonged CRT
Slightly increased HR
Increased blood lactate concentration
Creatine concentration
concentrated urine

Question 6

Describe 10% fluid deficit signs

Answer 6

Depressed
Cold extremities
Dry mm with CRT >3S
hr >50% above normal
Increased blood lactate
Increased creatinine conc
Small vol of very concentrated urine

Question 7

Signs of dehydration

Answer 7

Sunken eyes
Decreased body weight
Tacky MM
Skin tent

Question 8

Signs of hypovolemia

Answer 8

Increased HR
Increased CRT
Increased PCV
Lactate increase
decreased urine output

Question 9

Estimating fluid deficit

Answer 9

%fluid deficit x body weight

Question 10

Enteral fluids are ok to give at what defecit

Answer 10

Lower than 5%

Question 11

Describe 12-15 % fluid deficit signs

Answer 11

Depressed
cold extremities
dry mm with CRT>4 secs
HR> 100% above reference range
blood lactate concs
increased creatinine concs
Unlikely to produce any urine