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nutr 302 (test #1) > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 Classes of Nutrients?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Protein
  • Fat
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Water
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2
Q

What are the 2 primary functions of the digestive system?

A

Digestion (breakdown of nutrients)

Absorption (movement of nutrients from intestinal tract into circulation.

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3
Q

What structures make up the Upper GI Tract?

A
  • Oral Cavity (Mouth & Pharynx)
  • Esophagus (Lower Esophageal Sphincter)
  • Stomach (Plyoric Sphincter)
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4
Q

What structures make up the Lower GI Tract?

A
  • Small Intestine (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum)
  • Large Intestine (Cecum, Ascending, Descending, Transverse, Sigmoid)
  • Rectum
  • Intestinal Microstructure
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5
Q

What are some components of the Intestinal Microstructure?

A

Microvili
Enterocytes
Brush Boarder

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6
Q

What components make up the Small Intestine?

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

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7
Q

What components make up the Large Intestine?

A

Cecum, Ascending Colon, Descending Colon, Transverse Colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum

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8
Q

What are 3 accessory organs to the Digestive Tract

A

Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

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9
Q

What is the Liver responsible for as it relates to the GI Tract?

A

Produces bile, an important secretion needed for lipid digestion.

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10
Q

What is the Gallbladder responsible for as it relates to the GI Tract?

A

Stores and releases bile, needed for lipid digestion.

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11
Q

What is the Pancreas responsible for as it relates to the GI Tract?

A

Releases pancreatic juice that neutralizes chyme and contains enzymes needed for carbohydrate, protein, and lipid digestion.

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12
Q

What enzymes (produced in the oral cavity) are associated with digestion.

A

Salivary Amylase (carbs)
Lingual Lipase (lipids)

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13
Q

How does the LES regulate food entry into the stomach?

A

Pressure drops to allow food passage

(regulated by neural and hormonal mechanisms)

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14
Q

In the stomach, Gastric Juices are composed of what?

A
  • Water
  • Electrolytes
  • Bicarbonate
  • Mucas
  • HCI (protein denaturation & kills bacteria)
  • Enzymes (Pepsinogen, Denatured Salivary Amylase, Gastic Lipase)
  • Intrinsic Factor
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15
Q

What is the standard emptying rates for the stomach for liquids and solids?

A

Liquids (fast) 1-2 hours
Solids (slow) 2-3 hours

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16
Q

Where do secretions from the pancreas make their way into the small intestine through?

A

Duodenum

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17
Q

Where does Salivary Amylase secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from the Mouth, acts in the Mouth.

18
Q

Where does Lingual Lipase secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from the Mouth, acts in the Stomach & small intestine.

19
Q

Where does Pepsinogen / Pepsin secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from the Stomach, acts in the Stomach.

20
Q

Where does Gastric Lipase secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from the Stomach, acts in the Stomach

21
Q

Where does Trypsinogen / Trypsin secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from the Pancreas, acts in the Small Intestine

22
Q

Where does Chymotrypsinogen / Chymotrypsin secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from the Pancreas, acts in the Small Intestine.

23
Q

Where does Procarboxypeptidase / Caboxypeptidase A secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from the Pancreas, acts in the Small Intestine.

24
Q

Where does Caboxypeptidase B secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from Pancreas, acts in the Small Intestine.

25
Q

Where does Pancreatic a amylase secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from Pancreas, acts in the Small Intestine.

26
Q

Where does Pancreatic Lipase & Colipase secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from Pancreas, acts in the Small Intestine.

27
Q

Where does Phospholipase secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from Pancreas, acts in the Small Intestine.

28
Q

Where does Cholesterol Esterase secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from Pancreas, acts in the Small Intestine.

29
Q

Where does Amino Peptidases secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from Small Intestine, acts in the Small Intestine.

30
Q

Where does Dipeptidases secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from Small Intestine, acts in the Small Intestine.

31
Q

Where does Alpha Dextrinase (or) Isomaltase secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from Small Intestine, acts in the Small Intestine.

32
Q

Where does Disaccharidases (sucrase, maltase, lactase) secrete from & act at?

A

Secrets from Small Intestine, acts in the Small Intestine.

33
Q

Bile Acids are synthesized from where?

A

Synthesized from Cholesterol in the Liver

34
Q

What is the difference between probiotics, and prebiotics?

A

Probiotics contain LIVE bacterial cultures, whereas prebiotics are food ingredients that promote bacterial growth.

35
Q

What are the 2 routes of absorption of nutrients?

A

Either through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

36
Q

Absorption through the bloodstream involves primarily _____ ?

A

Water Soluble nutrients (through portal circulation: liver)

37
Q

Absorption through the lymphatic system involves primarily _____ ?

A

Fat Soluble nutrients (through subclavian vein: vena cava)

  • heart delivers nutrients to general circulation.
38
Q

Approximately how efficient are we at absorbing CHO?

A

98%

39
Q

Approximately how efficient are we at absorbing Protein?

A

92%

40
Q

Approximately how efficient are we at absorbing Fat?

A

95%

nutr 302 (test #1) (7 decks)

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