Glycolysis (step-by-step)

Question 1

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 1

Occurs in the Cytoplasm.

Question 2

Glycolysis as an equation (before reactions occur) consists of: Glucose + ___ + ___ + ___ ?

Answer 2

Glucose + 2 P + 2 ADP + 2 NAD

Question 3

What is the net result of glycolysis (after reactions occur)

Answer 3

2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H + 2 H20

Question 4

What is the purpose of glycolysis?

Answer 4

Taking glucose and breaking that glucose down into storable products that the body can use in other biochemical pathways.

Question 5

In Glycolysis, Glucose gets converted into what? (first step)

Answer 5

Glucose-6-Phosphate

Question 6

In Glycolysis, Glucose-6-Phosphate gets converted into what? (second step)

Answer 6

Fructose-6-Phosphate

Question 7

In Glycolysis, Fructose-6-Phosphate gets converted into what? (third step)

Answer 7

Fructose-1,6-Biphosphate

Question 8

In Glycolysis, Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate ultimately gets converted into what? (forth step)

Answer 8

Phosphoenolpyruvate

Question 9

In Glycolysis, Phosphoenolpyruvate gets converted into what? (fifth step)

Answer 9

Pyruvate

Question 10

The entire Glycolysis pathway is taking Glucose and converting it down to what?

Answer 10

Pyruvate

Question 11

What 2 enzymes can be used to convert Glucose into Glucose-6-Phosphate?

Answer 11

Glucokinase (or) Hexokinase

Question 12

Glucokinase has a ____ affinity and a ____ Km.

Answer 12

Low Affinity & High Km

Question 13

Where is Glucokinase present and when is it used?

Answer 13

Present @ Liver & Pancreatic Beta Cells, used only when glucose is at high concentrations (acts as a glucose sensor) {emergency enzyme - will differ to hexokinase}

Question 14

Hexokinase has a ____ affinity and a ____ Km.

Answer 14

High Affinity & Low Km

Question 15

Hexokinase is used to operate the body’s ______ _______ _______ at which tissues?

Answer 15

Basal Glucose Metabolism @ All tissues.

Question 16

Why is Hexokinase primarily used in the conversion of Glucose to Glucose-6-Phosphate?

Answer 16

Because of it’s high affinity to glucose.

Question 17

When will Hexokinase turn to Glucokinase to carry out the reaction of Glucose to Glucose-6-Phosphate?

Answer 17

When the glucose concentration is very high, Glucokinase will carry out the reaction.

Question 18

Why is Glucokinase only located at the Liver & Pancreatic Beta Cells

Answer 18

When the blood concentration of Glucose reaches a critical point past the body’s setpoint, the Liver (first pass to all BF) will trigger Glucokinase to activate and come in & clean things up.

Question 19

What is the rate-limiting enzyme of Glycolysis?

Answer 19

Phosphofructokinase-1 (“PFK1”)

Question 20

What inhibits Phosphofructokinase-1?

Answer 20

ATP Citrate

Question 21

What promotes Phosphofructokinase-1

Answer 21

AMP

Question 22

Why does ATP Citrate inhibit Phosphofructokinase-1?

Answer 22

Because you already have “ATP” in ATP Citrate. It would be redundant to go through glycolysis.

Question 23

What is an alternate conversion of Fructose-6-Phosphate to Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate & what is it promoting?

Answer 23

Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate (It promotes PFK1 (enzyme) to make glycolysis happen faster)

Question 24

What is the enzyme that catalyzes Fructose-6-Phosphate into Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate & what is it regulated by?

Answer 24

Phosphofructokinase-2 [PFK2] (inhibited by Glucagon) (promoted by Insulin)

Question 25

What is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing Phosphoenolpyruvate into Pyruvate?

Answer 25

Pyruvate Kinase

Question 26

What is Pyruvate Kinase regulated by?

Answer 26

ATP Citrate